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Nature Medicine 15, 893 - 900 (2009)
Published online: 21 June 2009 | doi:10.1038/nm.1972

HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation

Nicolas Chomont1,2,3, Mohamed El-Far1,2,3, Petronela Ancuta3, Lydie Trautmann1,2,3, Francesco A Procopio1,2,3, Bader Yassine-Diab1,2,3, Geneviève Boucher1, Mohamed-Rachid Boulassel4, Georges Ghattas5, Jason M Brenchley6, Timothy W Schacker7, Brenna J Hill8, Daniel C Douek8, Jean-Pierre Routy4,9, Elias K Haddad1,2,3,9 & Rafick-Pierre Sékaly1,2,3,9,10,11


HIV persists in a reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells in individuals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Here we identify central memory (TCM) and transitional memory (TTM) CD4+ T cells as the major cellular reservoirs for HIV and find that viral persistence is ensured by two different mechanisms. HIV primarily persists in TCM cells in subjects showing reconstitution of the CD4+ compartment upon HAART. This reservoir is maintained through T cell survival and low-level antigen-driven proliferation and is slowly depleted with time. In contrast, proviral DNA is preferentially detected in TTM cells from aviremic individuals with low CD4+ counts and higher amounts of interleukin-7–mediated homeostatic proliferation, a mechanism that ensures the persistence of these cells. Our results suggest that viral eradication might be achieved through the combined use of strategic interventions targeting viral replication and, as in cancer, drugs that interfere with the self renewal and persistence of proliferating memory T cells.


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