Volume 15 Issue 2, February 2022

The structure of the overriding plate may control bending and water ingress into the subducting plate based on an exceptional 3D velocity model of the Nankai subduction zone.

Subduction zone formation may be both horizontally and then vertically driven, according to a 4D evolution model of the Puysegur margin, New Zealand. This suggests that the current endmember classification of subduction initiation must be expanded.

Agricultural nitrogen legacies are delaying improvements to water quality. Comprehensive management strategies that address legacy issues are needed to ensure better environmental outcomes.

The isotopic composition of nitrogen in the Martian atmosphere can be explained by a nitrogen-rich ancient atmosphere, according to models of atmospheric evolution.

Submesoscale ocean eddies inhibit the growth of La Niña and El Niño events, according to an analysis of long-term high-resolution global climate simulations.

Moderate flooding in the European Alps declined during past warmer periods, whereas extreme floods both increased and decreased, according to an analysis of palaeoflood records.

Potential sea-level rise from the world’s glaciers is 20% less than previously thought, according to an estimate based on high-resolution maps of glacier ice velocity and thickness.

Algal blooms are occurring more frequently, as seen in a global database compiled from satellite imagery from the past few decades.

Vegetation plays an important role in the aggregate carbon balance of fires, according to a 1901 to 2010 land surface model study that, assuming steady state, shows potentially greater pyrogenic carbon production than legacy losses at global scale, due mostly to grassland adaptations to fire.

Structures in the upper, overriding plate impact the geometry, hydration state and seismogenic region of subduction zones, according to a 3D seismic structural model of the Nankai subduction zone.

Stress transitions from horizontally forced compression to vertically forced extension during subduction initiation, according to seismic images of the Puysegur plate boundary, New Zealand.