Modern deep waters form in the Nordic seas when high-salinity surface waters cool and sink. An analysis of Arctic Ocean sediments suggests that throughout the past fifteen million years, brines created during sea-ice formation controlled the sinking of water.
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Martin, E. The briny deep. Nature Geosci 1, 9–10 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo.2007.43
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo.2007.43
