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Explaining research through playful analogies can enliven discussion with nonspecialists. The limits of these analogies can be used to explore the limits of explanatory scope intrinsic to scientific hypotheses.
When cytochrome c is released from mitochondria, it interacts with Apaf-1 to activate death-promoting caspases. Now, a gain-of-function mutation affecting cytochrome c with enhanced caspase-stimulatory activity is shown to have no other consequences for human health than a subclinical thrombocytopenia, showing that, in most settings, enhanced cytochrome c activity per se is not sufficient to disturb normal tissue homeostasis.
Two studies report the application of high-throughput sequencing technologies to discover infectious agents associated with diseased human tissues. These findings herald a breakthrough in the field of pathogen discovery.
The HIV viral lifecycle includes infection of a host cell, followed by a critical decision between latency and lysis. A new study suggests that positive feedback in the HIV-1 promoter, involving Tat protein and gene expression, has a role in this critical choice of fate.
Chromosomal position effects influence the transcription of exogenously introduced transgenes. A new study identifies molecular tools that exploit these properties to fine-tune transgenic gene expression through the use of site-specific integration and the gypsy insulator element.