Journal home
Advance online publication
Current issue
Archive
Press releases
Free Association (blog)
Supplements
Focuses
Guide to authors
Online submissionOnline submission
For referees
Free online issue
Contact the journal
Subscribe
Advertising
work@npg
Reprints and permissions
About this site
For librarians
 
NPG Resources
Nature
Nature Biotechnology
Nature Cell Biology
Nature Medicine
Nature Methods
Nature Reviews Cancer
Nature Reviews Genetics
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
news@nature.com
Nature Conferences
RNAi Gateway
NPG Subject areas
Biotechnology
Cancer
Chemistry
Clinical Medicine
Dentistry
Development
Drug Discovery
Earth Sciences
Evolution & Ecology
Genetics
Immunology
Materials Science
Medical Research
Microbiology
Molecular Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Physics
Browse all publications
Article
Nature Genetics  4, 256 - 267 (1993)
doi:10.1038/ng0793-256

3,400 new expressed sequence tags identify diversity of transcripts in human brain

Mark D. Adams1, 2, Anthony R. Kerlavage1, 2, Chris Fields1, 2 & J. Craig Venter1, 2

  1Receptor Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

  2The Institute for Genomic Research, 932 Clopper Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA

 Correspondence should be addressed to the authors at the second address

We present the results of the partial sequencing of over 3,400 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from human brain cDNA clones, which increases the number of distinct genes expressed in the brain, that are represented by ESTs, to about 6,000. By choosing clones in an unbiased manner, it is possible to construct a profile of the transcriptional activity of the brain at different stages. Proteins that comprise the cytoskeleton are the most abundant; however, a large variety of regulatory proteins are also seen. About half of the ESTs predicted to contain a protein−coding region have no matches in the public peptide databases and may represent new gene families.

REFERENCES
  1. Adams, M.D. et al. Complementary DNA sequencing: Expressed sequence tags and human genome project. Science 252, 1651−1656 (1991). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  2. Adams, M.D. et al. Sequence identification of 2,375 human brain genes. Nature 355, 632−634 (1992). | Article | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  3. Höög, C. Isolation of a large number of novel mammalian genes by a differential cDNA library searching strategies. Nucl. Acids Res. 19, 6123−6127 (1991). | PubMed  | ISI |
  4. Waterston, R. et al. A survey of expressed genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature Genet. 1, 114−123 (1992). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  5. McCombie, W.R. et al. Caenorhabditis elegans expressed sequence tags identify gene families and potential disease gene homologues. Nature Genet. 1, 124−131 (1992). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  6. Okubo, K. et al. Large scale cDNA sequencing for analysis of quantitative and qualitative aspects of gene expression. Nature Genet. 2, 173−179 (1992). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  7. Khan, A.S. et al. Single pass sequencing and physical and genetic mapping of human brain cDNAs. Nature Genet. 2, 180−185 (1992). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  8. Adams, M.D. Rapid cDNA sequencing (expressed sequence tags) from a directionally cloned human infant brain cDNA library. Nature Genet. (in the press).
  9. Takahashi, S. et al. Rabbit very low density lipoprotein receptor: A low density lipoprotein receptor like protein with distinct ligand specificity. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 9252−9256 (1992). | ChemPort |
  10. Ullrich, A. et al. Human epidermal growth factor receptor cDNA sequence and aberrant expression of the amplified gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Nature 309, 418−425 (1984). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  11. Yamamoto, T. et al. The human LDL receptor: A cysteine-rich protein with multiple Alu sequences in its mRNA. Cell 39, 27−38 (1984). | Article | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  12. Herz, J. et al. Surface location and high affinity for calcium of a 500-kd liver membrane protein closely related to the LDL-receptor suggest a physiological role as lipoprotein receptor. EMBO J. 7, 4119−4127 (1988). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  13. Kristensen, T. et al. Evidence that the newly cloned low-density-lipoprotein receptor related protein (LRP) in the alpha2-macroglobulin receptor. FEBS Lett. 276, 151−155 (1990). | Article | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  14. Chardin, P. et al. The KUP gene, located on human chromosome 14, encodes a protein with two distant zinc fingers. Nucl. Acids Res. 19, 1431−1436 (1991). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  15. Harrison, S. & Travers, A. The tramtrack gene encodes a Drosophila finger protein that interacts with the ftz transcriptional regulatory region and shows a novel embryonic expression pattern. EMBO J. 9, 207−216 (1990). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  16. DiBello, P. et al. The Drosophila broad complex encodes a family of related proteins containing zinc fingers. Genetics 129, 385−397 (1991). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  17. Upton, C. et al. Myxoma virus and malignant rabbit fibroma virus encode a serpin-like protein important for virus virulence. Virology 179, 618−631 (1990). | Article | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  18. Howard, S. et al. Vaccinia virus homologues of the Shope Fibroma Virus inverted terminal repeat proteins and a discontinious ORF related to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Virology 180, 633−647 (1991). | Article | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  19. Uberbacher, E. & Mural, R. Locating protein-coding regions in human DNA sequences by a multiple sensor-neural network approach. Proc natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 11261−11265 (1991). | ChemPort |
  20. Kerlavage, A. et al. Analysis and management of data from high-throughput expressed sequence tag projects. Proc. 26th Hawaii Int. Conf. on System Sciences. 585−594 (IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA. 1993).
  21. Chothia, C. One thousand families for the molecular biologist. Nature 357, 543−544 (1992). | Article | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  22. Altschul, S. et al. Basic local alignment search tool. J. molec. Biol. 215, 403−410 (1990). | Article | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  23. Sulston, J. et al. The C. elegans genome sequencing project: a beginning. Nature 356, 37−41 (1992). | Article | PubMed  | ISI |
  24. Oliver, S.G. et al. The complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome III. Nature 357, 38−46 (1992). | Article | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  25. Bork, P. et al. What's in a genome? Nature 358, 287 (1992). | Article | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  26. Martin-Gallardo, A. et al. Automated DNA sequencing and analysis of 106 kilobases from human chromosome 19q13.3. Nature Genet. 1, 348−353 (1992). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  27. McCombie, W.R. et al. Expressed genes, Alu repeats and polymorphisms in cosmids sequenced from chromosome 4p16.3. Nature Genet. 1, 348−353 (1992). | PubMed  | ISI | ChemPort |
  28. Fields, C. & Soderlund, C. GM: A practical tool for automating DNA sequence analysis. Comp. Applic. Biosci. 6, 263−270 (1990). | ISI | ChemPort |
  29. Soderlund, C. et al. GM: A tool for exploratory analysis of DNA sequence data. Proc. Hawaii Int. Conf. on System Sciences. 653−662 (IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA.1992).
  30. Pearson, W.R. & Lipman, D.J. Improved tools for biological sequence comparison. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 2444 (1988). | ChemPort |
 Top
 Top
Abstract
Previous | Next
Table of contents
Download PDFDownload PDF
Send to a friendSend to a friend
Save this linkSave this link

Open Innovation Challenges

naturejobs

References
Export citation
Export references
natureproducts

Search buyers guide:

 
ADVERTISEMENT
 
Nature Genetics
ISSN: 1061-4036
EISSN: 1546-1718
Journal home | Advance online publication | Current issue | Archive | Press releases | Supplements | Focuses | For authors | Online submission | Permissions | For referees | Free online issue | About the journal | Contact the journal | Subscribe | Advertising | work@npg | naturereprints | About this site | For librarians
Nature Publishing Group, publisher of Nature, and other science journals and reference works©1993 Nature Publishing Group | Privacy policy