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Cognitive control is crucial for present and future success and therefore is a frequent target of interventions. This study showed that training cognitive control in a large sample of 6–13-year-old children did not lead to any behavioral or neural changes, either immediately or 1 year after training.

After spinal cord injury, stromal fibroblasts originate from pericytes and perivascular fibroblasts, with pericytes more prevalent in gray matter and fibroblasts in white matter. Holl et al. show that both cell types respond to injury and inflammation, are activated, and transcriptionally converge on scar formation after injury, paving the way for therapeutic possibilities.

To celebrate Pride month in the USA, Nature Neuroscience is having conversations with LGBTQIA+ scientists across multiple career stages to discuss their personal and professional experiences in research. In this Q&A, we are talking to Aniruddha Das, an associate professor at Columbia University, New York, USA. Das’s research uses macaque models to explore the cognitive basis of visual processing, attention, and motivation.

To celebrate Pride month in the USA, Nature Neuroscience is having conversations with LGBTQIA+ scientists across multiple career stages to discuss their personal and professional experiences in research. In this Q&A, we are talking to Laura Huckins, an associate professor at Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA. Huckins’ research focuses primarily on the genetics of eating disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as the development of statistical and multi-omic methods for use in genome-wide association studies (GWASs).

To celebrate Pride month in the USA, Nature Neuroscience is having conversations with LGBTQIA+ scientists across multiple career stages to discuss their personal and professional experiences in research. In this Q&A, we are talking to Alexandra Keinath, an assistant professor at the University of Illinois, Chicago, USA. Keinath’s research uses both rodent and human models to investigate the neural representations of spatial memory and navigation.

Rational planning requires time spent thinking. Here, the authors propose a model of planning where a frontal network triggers hippocampal replay, integrating the replayed trajectory in its recurrent dynamics to improve decisions.

The origin and composition of stromal fibroblasts in the fibrotic CNS scar are unclear. Here, the authors demonstrate that pericytes and perivascular fibroblasts contribute to fibrotic scarring following spinal cord injury in mice in a region-dependent manner.

Here the authors show that ventrally derived oligodendrocytes (OLs) can myelinate areas usually populated by dorsally derived OLs but cannot functionally compensate, as animals populated only by ventrally derived OLs show locomotor and cognitive deficits.

Cognitive control is important for later-life success and is often targeted for interventions. Here the authors show that response inhibition training in a large sample of children over 8 weeks did not change their brains or behavior in the short or long term.

Specifically mutating the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene (NF1) in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) impairs their adaptive response to neuronal activity and their differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes, as well as promoting focal regions of OPC hyperdensity. These defects delay oligodendroglial development and impede adaptive oligodendrogenesis, which are important for motor learning.

BrainTF is the largest study to date that directly measures transcription factor (TF) binding in human postmortem brain, demonstrating improved measurements of TF activity and nominating TFs whose occupancy is enriched for risk variants of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Activity-dependent oligodendroglial plasticity contributes to neuronal functions. Here the authors show that adaptive oligodendrocyte progenitor cell responses are disrupted in neurofibromatosis 1, impairing oligodendroglial dynamics and resulting in motor learning deficits in Nf1-deficient and Nf1-mutant mice.

The axon guidance receptor Plexin-B1 regulates the cellular interaction of peri-plaque astrocytes with microglia to affect the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.

Oligodendrocyte-lineage NG2 glia are shown to limit prion-induced neurodegeneration by quenching toxic microglial responses. Their depletion unleashes prostaglandin E2 secretion by microglia and contributes non-cell-autonomously to prion toxicity.

Intersectional adeno-associated viruses are important for neuroscience research but can be limited by complex and bulky design parameters. Hughes et al. present a unique and space-saving approach that simplifies toolkit development and provides expanded functionality.

This paper presents Simple Behavioral Analysis (SimBA), an open-source platform for automated, explainable machine learning analysis of behavior. SimBA comes with extensive documentation, a graphical interface and an active community and works with any organism tracked by pose estimation.