Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
CD133 and Notch1 double-positive GSCs were preferentially located along Jagged1-expressing white matter tracts, which exhibited a demyelinated phenotype. The NOTCH1–SOX9–SOX2 positive-feedback loop controls GSC invasion along white matter tracts.
Locus coeruleus (LC) activation enhanced thalamic feature selectivity & perceptual performance. Electrophysiology and modeling suggest this improvement is due to reduction in Ca2+ T-channel activity by LC regulation of intrathalamic circuit dynamics.
Microscopic imaging of neurons in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease shows that plaques increase activity while neurofibrillary tangles suppress activity. The combination of plaques and tangles, as in humans with Alzheimer’s disease, suppresses activity.
Single-cell mass cytometry was applied to comprehensively characterize postmortem and fresh human microglia. Using a hybrid workflow for multidimensional data analysis, a core signature and regional heterogeneity were identified.
Tau but not amyloid-beta pathology is associated with widespread alterations of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation in the aged human cortex. Similar alterations of chromatin organization occur in iPSC-derived neurons after overexpression of tau.
Yu, Li et al. show that VTA GABA and glutamate neurons induce sleep and waking, respectively, via projections to the lateral hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens. Thus, in addition to influencing reward-directed behaviors, the VTA regulates arousal.
An overall downregulation of RNA editing was observed in postmortem brains from people with autism, which was consistent across brain regions and genetic disorder subtypes. These changes were regulated by the RNA-binding proteins FMRP and FXR1P.
Using a newly developed biochemical method for aggregated protein extraction, Laferrière and colleagues uncover different neurotoxic types of pathologic TDP-43 assemblies in the brains of subjects with distinct subtypes of frontotemporal dementia.
Polanía et al. show that, similarly to sensory signals, subjective preferences guiding choice are represented by the brain in a manner that accounts for regularities of the environment, thereby optimizing use of limited neural processing resources.
Neuron types vulnerable to tau accumulation (excitatory neurons) in AD brain are intrinsically less able to maintain tau homeostasis than neuron types that are resistant (inhibitory neurons).
Many behavioral tasks require fast, reliable switching of the shape and duration of cortical activity. Stroud et al. show that modulation of neural excitability in recurrent network models provides flexible spatiotemporal control of neural activity.
Lombardo et al. find large-scale associations between the leukocyte transcriptome and neural responses to speech in toddlers, and these associations differ between toddlers with ASD who have good versus poor language outcomes.
Different functional variants in ADH1B (and elsewhere) in Europeans and Africans strongly affect risk for alcohol dependence. Dependence only partly genetically correlates with consumption, with strong correlations to other psychiatric disorders.
How seizures emerge in epileptic brain remains an enigma. The authors show that the transition to seizure follows a ubiquitous dynamical principle inherent to many processes in nature characterized by repeated transitions between contrasting regimes.
Michaelson et al. report that human SYNGAP1 variation alters touch-related sensory processing. Studies in Syngap1 mice revealed circuit-specific impairments in the somatosensory cortex that underlie reduced cortical activation in response to touch.
Rikhye et al. recorded prefrontal and thalamic populations from mice performing attention selection across different contexts. By encoding context, the thalamus both enhances and suppresses prefrontal representations in a context-appropriate manner.
The authors develop a single-cell RNA-seq approach to distinguish cells expressing wild-type or mutant genes in mosaic individuals with X-linked disorders and find that cell-type-specific DNA methylation predicts gene misregulation in Rett syndrome.
Mutations in SETD5 are a frequent cause of intellectual disability and autism. Deliu et al. describe that deletion of one mouse Setd5 allele leads to a disruption of the transcriptional program associated with development and learning.
Behavioral responses vary considerably across individuals. Kurikawa et al. show experimentally and computationally how the observed spectrum of individual variances in decision-making emerges from neural dynamics of the medial frontal cortex.