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We identified an oligodendrocyte signature associated with brain pathology in the 5xFAD model of amyloidosis, which we termed disease-associated oligodendrocytes. This signature was found to be shared by oligodendrocytes across pathologies.
Dong et al. show that proliferative neural progenitors in the developing neocortex preferentially undergo anaerobic glycolysis and generate a high level of lactate that coordinately regulates vasculature outgrowth and progenitor behavior.
Green and O’Dea et al. identify that the embryonic zebrafish brain is colonized by a population of early-colonizing microglia that are dependent on lymphatic vessels, placing lymphatic cells at the epicenter of microglia development.
Cutando and colleagues show that changes in D2 dopamine receptor levels in cerebellar Purkinje cells alter sociability and preference for social novelty without affecting motor functions.
Neural computations are envisioned as arising from either distinct function subpopulations or distributed collective dynamics. Dubreuil and Valente et al. examined recurrent neural networks trained on various cognitive tasks and found that a mixed-selective yet non-random subpopulation structure enabled flexible responding through gain-modulated latent dynamics.
Sensory systems compress representations while preserving information. Modeling of dopamine neuron responses and behavior during decision-making indicates that cognitive systems also compress representations as long as overall rewards are preserved.
Learning induces formation of dendritic spines, but their functional properties are unknown. The authors show that new spines bind new presynaptic inputs into preexisting spine clusters, generating locally coherent inputs representing learned behaviors.
Interrogation of neuronal autophagy in vivo in Alzheimerʼs disease mouse models identified deficient autolysosome acidification as the basis for extreme autophagic stress, yielding β-amyloid accumulation within intact neurons, which are the main source of senile plaques.
Pain experience is highly individual, but its individual-specific brain features remain unclear. The authors identify brain regions with consistent versus variable representations of pain across a large sample of individuals.
Using multiple types of negative affect stimuli, functional magnetic resonance imaging and predictive modeling, Čeko et al. show that the brain integrates generalized and stimulus-type-specific representations of aversive events to jointly predict subjective experience.
Bian et al. show that sleep during adolescence is crucial for shaping the preference for novel social stimulation in adulthood. This developmental role of sleep is mediated by balanced levels of VTA activity during adolescent brain development.
Decomposing neural information into synergistic and redundant components, Luppi et al. show how core brain regions support higher cognition in virtue of their synergy, revealing that human brains leverage synergistic information more than macaques.
Benoit et al. show that inhibition of the thalamus during adolescence leads to long-lasting changes in prefrontal cortex function and behavior, demonstrating the importance of adolescent thalamic activity for prefrontal circuit maturation.
Individual-level prediction is critical for precision medicine, but many neuroimaging prediction studies are underpowered. Here the authors present a simple yet powerful approach that effectively translates predictive models from big to small data.
Candelabrum cells have remained an obscure cerebellar cell type. The authors show that candelabrum cells are the most abundant Purkinje layer interneuron, are molecularly distinct and have a connectivity that allows them to control cerebellar output.
Bertels et al. identify that spinal neurons switch neurotransmitter phenotype from excitation to inhibition after spinal cord injury. Manipulation of neurotransmitter phenotype reveals that maintaining excitatory phenotype is essential for locomotor recovery.
Li et al. report a key brain region in the hypothalamus that effectively modulates the production and properties of new neurons generated in adulthood. These hypothalamic modified new neurons are critical for memory and anxiety-like behavior.
This study finds that during acute viral infection of the CNS, meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) can transport virus from the CNS to draining cervical lymph nodes. VEGF-C-induced expansion of functional MLVs facilitated virus clearance.
The authors used single-cell genomics to profile thousands of human dopamine neurons and identify one uniquely Parkinson’s disease-susceptible population, which was enriched for genetic risk for Parkinson’s disease.
The authors show that stimulus strength-dependent effects of DA on 5-HTDRN neurons bidirectionally regulate feeding in mice. DRD1-mediated activation of 5-HTDRN neurons contributes to activity-based anorexia, and this can be prevented by blocking DRD1.