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DOCK8-deficiency can cause atopic dermatitis but the mechanism is unclear. Here the authors use mice and human samples to show ARNT-independent DOCK8 inhibition of EPAS1 increases transcription of IL-31 in CD4+T cells, thus driving skin inflammation.
Men that carrierBRCA2germline mutations are at risk of developing prostate cancer. Here, the authors analyse the genomes of prostate cancer from these individuals and demonstrate increased genomic instability in comparison to sporadic prostate cancer.
In skeletal muscle progenitors, EZH2 maintains myogenic genes in a repressed state, but during differentiation its levels are reduced via unknown mechanisms. Here the authors show that during myogenesis, p38α kinase phosphorylates EZH2 and targets it for degradation by the ubiquitin ligase PRAJA1.
Overexpression of SNAIL confers tumour cells with cancer stem-like characteristics associated with tumour progression. Here the authors show that inhibition of CDK4/6 blocks tumour metastasis in triple negative breast cancer by targeting DUB3 which in turns deubiquitinates and stabilises SNAIL1.
Immunity deteriorates with age in animals but less is known about how aging affects immunity in plants. Here, Maoet al. show that responsiveness to the major insect defense hormone JA declines as plants age, but insect resistance still increases as plants accumulate secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates.
Spliceosome mutations occur in approximately 50% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Here, the authors show that tumour cells harbouring theS34F mutation in the U2AFspliceosome gene is sensitive to compounds that further perturb the spliceosome.
Here, Smalleyet al. demonstrate luminescent hyperbolic metasurfaces wherein quantum heterostructures simultaneously function as the emission source and constituent dielectric. The design enables extreme polarization anisotropy of photoluminescence and efficient extraction of in-plane surface modes.
Unbiased identification of proteins from pathogens that are exposed to a host can provide insight into host–pathogen interaction. Here, the authors use an enzymatic tagging method and mass spectrometry to identify rapidly evolvingNematocida microsporidia proteins when infecting C. elegans.
Environmental stress causes epigenetic changes but it is unclear if such changes are transgenerational. Here, the authors show that inC. elegans, increased resistance to oxidative stress and proteotoxicity in the parental generation and linked epigenetic changes are transmitted to subsequent generations.
IRMOF-74 materials have thus far been thought to undergo only simple crystal lattice expansion upon gas adsorption. Here, Smit and co-workers demonstrate that these MOFs undergo a unique complex deformation upon argon uptake, changing how we view the fundamentals of adsorption in this series.
γδ T cells are major producers of IL-17A in response to microbial infection. Here the authors show that a high load of commensal microbes can maintain homeostasis of IL-17A+γδ T cells in the liver via CD1d antigen presentation, with implications for liver diseases.
Nuclear spin noise allows passive monitoring of magnetization using the sole NMR detection circuit. Here, the authors report spectroscopic signatures of low abundance molecules and of weak magnetic field gradients which are nonlinearly amplified by cooled-coil probes and large overlapping signals.
T cells contribute to development of high blood pressure but their role in salt-sensitive hypertension is less clear. Liuet al. show that CD8+ T cells upregulate and activate Na-Cl co-transporter NCC in distal convoluted tubules via direct cell-cell contact and ROS-Src activation, leading to Na+retention and salt-sensitive hypertension.
Exosomes, vesicles secreted by cancer cells, have a role in cancer progression but the mechanisms regulating their biogenesis are mostly unknown. Here the authors show that PKM2, a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme overexpressed in cancer cells, mediates exosomes exocytosis by phosphorylating SNAP-23.
Infection of B cells by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is poorly understood, but is thought to result in lymphoproliferative disorders. Here, Chenet al. identify CD86 as co-receptor for lymphotropic HCV and show that HCV infection inhibits memory B-cell function.
Magnetotransport signature of topological semimetal states has been observed but restricted at very low temperature. Here, Zhanget al. report magnetic field-modulated chiral charge pumping and valley diffusion in Cd3As2up to room temperature.
Aversive conditioning requires the learning of time intervals between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, as well as the associations of the stimuli themselves. Here the authors show that dorsal striatum and basal amygdala are part of a functional network that encodes interval timing.
Global warming is expected to lead to shifts in species' geographic ranges to track preferred temperatures. Here, the authors show that populations of the common periwinkle vary in their sensitivity to ocean acidification, another major global change driver, which could further restrict range shifts caused by warming.
Oxidative stress in cells leads to the oxidations of DNA precursors. Here the authors show that these oxidized precursors can be incorporatedin vivoduring base excision repair, leading to DNA breaks and cytotoxicity.
Machine learning is an increasingly popular approach to analyse data and make predictions. Here the authors develop a ‘deep learning’ framework for quantitative predictions and qualitative understanding of quantum-mechanical observables of chemical systems, beyond properties trivially contained in the training data.