News & Views in 2013

Non-enzymatic copying of an RNA template is appealing as a transition from pre-life to an RNA world, but it has been difficult to demonstrate in the laboratory. Now, two separate studies focusing on RNA's backbone connectivity offer partial solutions to some of the problems raised with this hypothesis for the origin of life.

Tying molecules together in a link results in tremendous stabilization of the radical species they can form. Six clearly distinguishable charged states — which can be interconverted reversibly — have now been observed in a densely cationic system.

During photosynthesis, the oxygen-evolving complex oxidizes water to produce molecular oxygen. Now, a possible role for the calcium ion in this complex has been proposed based on the electrochemical properties of a series of synthetic heterometallic clusters.

The study of the reaction of a ground-state O atom with H₂ has previously proved difficult because of its high activation barrier. Now, new experiments have revealed unexpected OH product states; but perhaps there is a simple explanation?

Combined spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations bring to light an ultrafast excited-state deactivation process in peptides that may contribute to the ultraviolet photostability of proteins.

Strategies for making sequence-controlled polymers in the laboratory are really quite primitive in comparison with those used in nature. By combining concepts from natural systems and synthetic polymer chemistry, it has now been shown that DNA codes can be translated into non-nucleic-acid polymers with defined sequences.

Hydrogen–oxygen alkaline fuel cells are promising devices for the 'hydrogen economy' but their oxidation of hydrogen fuel is slow compared with that of acidic fuel cells. More efficient electrocatalysts have now been prepared in which the adsorption of hydroxyl groups onto the electrode surface is controlled through suitable promoters.

A small molecule that mimics the sequence-specific peptide synthesis of nature's ribosomes paves the way for more elaborate artificial molecular synthesizers.

Metallic nanoparticles enable the control of optical fields at the nanometre scale, enhancing the absorption and emission of local emitters. Now, using the self-assembling properties of DNA, functional nanoantennas have been developed that comprise a versatile and robust assembly of gold nanoparticles and emitters.

Overcoming drug resistance requires drug–protein interactions that persist in spite of mutations, but such interactions are difficult to characterize. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy can reveal the dynamics of how key molecular groups interact, allowing new insights into how some drugs overcome resistance.

A synthetic strategy that uses a series of simple reactions to distort the core architecture of complex natural products could provide libraries of stereochemically rich compounds that will help in the search for new biological probes and drugs.

Many of us eat mushrooms, but few of us have probably ever thought about — let alone witnessed — the epic battle of kingdoms that can occur between this delicacy and its bacterial pathogens. Now, imaging mass spectrometry has enabled the identification of a bacterium's potent antifungal weapon of choice.

The direct observation and quantification of G-quadruplex structures formed from DNA in human cells during the cell cycle demonstrate the biological importance of these structures and point towards opportunities for targeting them with small-molecule drugs.

A new biocompatible near-infrared fluorescent probe enables super-resolution imaging of cellular proteins in live cells using a range of different labelling techniques.

Creating useful feedstocks from methane is impeded by over-oxidation when O₂ is used as the oxidant. Now, gaseous sulfur has been shown to be a promising 'soft' oxidant for the selective conversion of methane to ethylene.

No longer held in Bürgenstock or the preserve of stereochemists, the Bürgenstock conference on stereochemistry is much more than its name suggests. The diverse range of subjects discussed at the meeting highlights the fundamental importance of chemistry in other scientific disciplines ranging from molecular biology to materials science.

It is well known that donation of electron density from a metal atom back into an empty orbital on a coordinating ligand, such as an alkene, weakens the π bond. Now, it has been shown that in a metal–diborene complex, π-backdonation involves bonding π-orbitals on the ligand and leads to B–B bond strengthening.

The ability of the water surface to donate or accept protons critically influences vital processes in chemistry and biology, but intense disagreement persists regarding this property. Researchers show new evidence that the air side of the air/water interface is more basic than the aqueous one.

Selective gas uptake in zeolites often relies on size — hosts accommodate guests that are small enough to fit into their pores. Now, a zeolite containing cations that function as molecular trapdoors allows guest-selective, size-inverse separations that could help with carbon capture and hydrogen purification.