Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Patents
  • Published:

Gene patents and genetic testing in the United States

As genetic testing moves into mainstream medicine, its restriction by gene patent holders will have far-reaching, detrimental effects on the healthcare system.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Klein, R.D. & Kant, J.A. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 130, 1603–1604 (2006).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Klein, R.D. Clin. Chem. 53, 1007–1009 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Klein, R.D. Genet. Eng. News 27, 12 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Caulfield, T., Cook-Deegan, R.M., Kieff, F.S., Walsh, J.P. Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 1091–1094 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Leonard, D.G.B. Acad. Med. 77, 1388–1391 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Cho, M.K., Illangasekare, S., Weaver, M.A., Leonard, D.G.B. & Merz, J.F. J. Mol. Diagn. 5, 3–8 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Klein, R.D. N. Engl. J. Med. 356, 753–754 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. 35 USC §§ 200–212 (2000).

  9. Moses, H., Dorsey, E.R., Matheson, D.H.M. & Their, S.O. JAMA 294, 1333–1342 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/discip05.pdf

  11. Rai A.K., Eisenberg R.S. Law & Contemp. Probs. 66, 289–314 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  12. http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/univ/asgn/table_1_2005.htm

  13. Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 US 303 (1980).

  14. Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982, 96 Stat. 25, codified as 28 USC 1295 (2000).

  15. http://www.bio.org/ataglance/bio/

  16. Lee, S.B. & Wolfe, L.B. Biotechnology industry, in Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, edn. 4. International Labour Organization, http://www.ilo.org/encyclopaedia/?d&nd=857200178&prevDoc=857200175

  17. Amgen v. Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., 927 F.2d 1200 (1990), cert. denied, 502 US 856 (1991).

  18. Kuehmsted v. Farbenfabriken, 179 F. 701 (7th Cir. 1910), cert. denied, 220 US 622 (1911) (acetyl salicylic acid).

  19. Parke-Davis & Co. v. H.K. Mulford & Co., 189 F. 95 (SDNY 1911), aff'd, 196 F. 496 (2d Cir. 1912) (epinephrine).

  20. Merck & Co. v. Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp., 253 F.2d 156 (4th Cir. 1958) (Vitamin B12);

  21. In re Bergstrom, 427 F.2d 1394 (CCPA 1970) (PGE, PGF).

  22. O'Reilly v. Morse, 56 (How.) US 62 (1853).

  23. Diamond v. Diehr, 450 US 175 (1981).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The author declares no competing financial interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Klein, R. Gene patents and genetic testing in the United States. Nat Biotechnol 25, 989–990 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0907-989

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0907-989

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing