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Nature Biotechnology 23, 457–462 (1 April 2005) | doi:10.1038/nbt1081

Sequence-dependent stimulation of the mammalian innate immune response by synthetic siRNA

Adam D Judge , Vandana Sood , Janet R Shaw , Dianne Fang , Kevin McClintock & Ian MacLachlan

Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that mediate specific gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) are widely used to study gene function and are also being developed for therapeutic applications. Many nucleic acids, including double- (dsRNA) and single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), can stimulate innate cytokine responses in mammals.