Nature Biotechnology
23, 63 - 68 (2004)
Published online: 12 December 2004; | doi:10.1038/nbt1045
The genome sequence of the ethanologenic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis ZM4Jeong-Sun Seo1, 2, 5, Hyonyong Chong1, 3, 5, Hyun Seok Park1, 4, Kyoung-Oh Yoon1, Cholhee Jung1, Jae Joon Kim1, Jin Han Hong1, Hyungtae Kim1, Jeong-Hyun Kim1, Joon-Il Kil1, Cheol Ju Park1, Hyun-Myung Oh3, Jung-Soon Lee3, Su-Jung Jin3, Hye-Won Um3, Hee-Jong Lee3, Soo-Jin Oh3, Jae Young Kim3, Hyung Lyun Kang3, Se Yong Lee1, Kye Joon Lee3
& Hyen Sam Kang31
Macrogen Inc., World Meridian Venture Center, 60-24, Gasan-dong, Seoul 153-781, Korea. 2
Department of Biochemistry and Ilchun Molecular Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea. 3
Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. 4
Department of Computer Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea. 5
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Correspondence should be addressed to Jeong-Sun Seo jeongsun@macrogen.com or Hyen Sam Kang khslab@snu.ac.krWe report the complete genome sequence of Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 (ATCC31821), an ethanologenic microorganism of interest for the production of fuel ethanol. The genome consists of 2,056,416 base pairs forming a circular chromosome with 1,998 open reading frames (ORFs) and three ribosomal RNA transcription units. The genome lacks recognizable genes for 6-phosphofructokinase, an essential enzyme in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, and for two enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and malate dehydrogenase, so glucose can be metabolized only by the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Whole genome microarrays were used for genomic comparisons with the Z. mobilis type strain ZM1 (ATCC10988) revealing that 54 ORFs predicted to encode for transport and secretory proteins, transcriptional regulators and oxidoreductase in the ZM4 strain were absent from ZM1. Most of these ORFs were also found to be actively transcribed in association with ethanol production by ZM4.
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