Abstract
Overexpression of the isopentenyltransferase gene (ipt) from the Ti-plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens increases cytokinin levels, leading to generation of shoots from transformed plant cells. When combined with a dexamethasone-inducible system for controlling expression, ipt expression can be used to select for transgenic regenerants without using an antibiotic-resistance marker. The combined system allows efficient cointroduction of multiple genes (in addition to ipt) and produces transgenic plants without morphological or developmental defects.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mok, D.W.S. & Mok, M.C. in Cytokinins: Chemistry activity and function.(eds Mok, D.W.S. & Mok, M.C.). 155– 166. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; 1994).
Davies, P.E. (ed.). Plant hormones and their role in plant growth and development. (Kluver Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, The Netherlands; 1995).
Coenen, C. & Lomax, T. Auxin-cytokinin interaction in higher plants: old problems and new tools. Trends Plant Sci. 2, 351–355 (1997).
Kuraishi, S. & Okumura F.S. The effect of kinetin on leaf growth. Botantical Magazine of Tokyo. 69, 300– 306 (1956).
Wingler A., von Schaewen, A., Leegood, R.C., Lea, P.J. & Quick,W.P. Regulation of leaf senescence by cytokinin, sugars, and light. Plant Physiol. 116 , 329–335 (1998).
Gan, S. & Amasino, R.M. Inhibition of leaf senescence by autoregulated production of cytokinin. Science 270 , 1986–1988 (1995).
Chaudhury, A.M., Letham, S., Craig, S. & Dennis, E.S. apm1—a mutant with high cytokinin levels and altered embryonic pattern, faster vegetative growth, constitutive photomorphogenesis and precocious flowering. Plant J. 4, 907–916 ( 1993).
Miklashevichs, E. & Walden R. Plant mutants with altered responses to cytokinin. Physiologia Plantarum. 100, 528–533 (1997).
Cline M.G. The role of hormones in apical dominance. New approaches to an old problem in plant development. Plant Physiol. 90, 230–237 (1991).
Skoog, F. & Miller, C.O. Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 11, 118–131 ( 1957).
Sachs, T. & Thimmann, K.V. The role of auxins and cytokinins in the release of buds from apical dominance. Am. J. Bot. 54, 136–144 (1967).
Akiyoshi, D.E., Klee, H., Amasino, R.M., Nester E.W. & Gordon M.P. T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens encodes an enzyme of cytokinin biosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81, 5994–5998 ( 1984).
Barry, G.F., Rogers, S.G., Fraley, R.T. & Brand, L. Identification of a cloned cytokinin biosynthetic gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81, 4776–4780 (1984).
Tran Thanh Van, K.M. Control of morphogenesis in in vitro cultures. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 32, 292–311 ( 1981).
Schmigocki, A.C & Owens, L.D. Cytokinin gene fused with a strong promoter enhances shoot organogenesis and zeatin levels in transformed plant cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 5131 –5135 (1988).
Medford, J.I., Horgan, B.R., El-Sawi, Z. & Klee H.J. Alterations of endogenous cytokinins in transgenic plants using a chimeric isopentenyl transferase gene. Plant Cell 1, 403–413 (1989).
Klee, H., Horsch, R., & Rogers, S. Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and its further applications to plant biology. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 38, 467–486 ( 1987).
Ebinuma, H., Sugita, K., Matsunaga, E. & Yamakado, M. Selection of marker-free transgenic plants using the isopentenyl transferase gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94, 2117 –2121 (1997).
Redig, P., Schmülling, T. & Van Onckelen, H. Analysis of cytokinin metabolism in ipt transgenic tobacco by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plant Physiol. 112, 141– 148 (1996).
McKenzie, M.J., Mett, V., Reynolds, P.H.S. & Jameson, P.E. Controlled cytokinin induction in transgenic tobacco using a copper inducible promoter. Plant Physiol. 116, 969– 977 (1998).
Faiss, M., Zalubilova, J., Strnad, M. & Schmülling T. Conditional transgenic expression of the ipt gene indicates a function for cytokinins in paracrine signaling in whole tobacco plants. Plant J. 12, 401–415 ( 1997).
Gatz, C., Frohberg, C. & Wendenburg, R. Stringent repression and homogenous de-repression by tetracycline of a modified CaMV 35S promoter in intact transgenic tobacco plants. Plant J. 2, 397– 404 (1992).
Aoyama, T. & Chua, N.-H. A glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional induction system in transgenic plants. Plant J. 11, 605–612 (1997).
Waldron, C. et al. Resistance to hygromycin B: a new marker for plant transformation studies. Plant. Mol. Biol. 5, 103– 108 (1985).
Millar, A.J., Short, S.R., Hiratsuka, K, Chua, N.-H. & Kay, S.A. Firefly luciferase as a reporter of regulated gene expression in higher plants. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 10, 324–337 ( 1992).
Benfey, P.N. & Chua, N.-H. The cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter: combinatorial regulation of transcription in plants. Science 250, 956–966 ( 1990).
Goliber, T., Kessler, S., Chen, J.J., Barathan, G. & Sinha, N. Genetic, molecular and morphological analysis of compound leaf development. Curr. Top Dev. Biol. 43, 259–290 (1999).
Kakimoto, T. CKI1, a histidine kinase homolog implicated in cytokinin signal transduction. Science 274, 982–985 (1996).
Fraley, R.T., Rogers, S.G. & Horsch, R.B. Genetic transformation in higher plants. CRC Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 4, 1–45 (1985).
Lotan, T. et al. Arabidopsis leafy cotyledon1 is sufficient to induce embryo development in vegetative cells. Cell 93, 1195– 1205 (1998).
Horsch R. et al. A simple and general method for transferring genes into plants. Science 227, 1229–1231 ( 1985).
Curtis, I.S., Power, J.B., Blackhall, N.W., de Laat, A.M.M. & Davey, M.R. Genotype-independent transformation of lettuce using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J. Exp. Bot. 45, 1441–1449 ( 1996).
Michelet, B. & Chua, N.-H. Improvement of Arabidopsis mutant screens based on luciferase imaging in plants. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 14, 320–329 ( 1996).
Beavan, M.W. & Chilton, M.-D. T-DNA of the Agrobacterium Ti and Ri plasmids. Annu. Rev. Genet 16, 357–384 (1982).
Ishige, F., Takaichi, M., Foster, R., Cua, N.-H. & Oeda, K. A G-box motif (GCCACGTGCC) tetramer confers high-level constitutive expression in dicot and monocot plants. Plant J. 18, 1–6 (1999).
Pietrzak, M., Shillito R.D., Hohn, T. & Potrykus, I. Expression in plants of two bacterial antibiotic resistance genes after protoplast transformation with a new plant expression vector. Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 5857–5868 (1986).
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Simon G. Møller for critical reading of the manuscript. T.K. was supported by an International Human Frontier Science Program Organization grant.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kunkel, T., Niu, QW., Chan, YS. et al. Inducible isopentenyl transferase as a high-efficiency marker for plant transformation. Nat Biotechnol 17, 916–919 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/12914
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/12914
This article is cited by
-
In vitro plant regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of a carnivorous plant, Nepenthes mirabilis
Scientific Reports (2020)
-
Expression of AtLEC2 and AtIPTs promotes embryogenic callus formation and shoot regeneration in tobacco
BMC Plant Biology (2019)
-
Kn1 gene overexpression drastically improves genetic transformation efficiencies of citrus cultivars
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) (2016)
-
Recent advances in development of marker-free transgenic plants: Regulation and biosafety concern
Journal of Biosciences (2012)