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Nature 457, 818-823 (12 February 2009) | doi:10.1038/nature07891; Published online 11 February 2009
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Review Article Deep homology and the origins of evolutionary novelty
Neil Shubin1,2, Cliff Tabin3 & Sean Carroll4
Abstract
Do new anatomical structures arise de novo, or do they evolve from pre-existing structures? Advances in developmental genetics, palaeontology and evolutionary developmental biology have recently shed light on the origins of some of the structures that most intrigued Charles Darwin, including animal eyes, tetrapod limbs and giant beetle horns. In each case, structures arose by the modification of pre-existing genetic regulatory circuits established in early metazoans. The deep homology of generative processes and cell-type specification mechanisms in animal development has provided the foundation for the independent evolution of a great variety of structures.
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