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Nature 453, 1031-1042 (19 June 2008) | doi:10.1038/nature07128; Published online 18 June 2008
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Review Article Superconducting quantum bits
John Clarke1,2 & Frank K. Wilhelm3
Abstract
Superconducting circuits are macroscopic in size but have generic quantum properties such as quantized energy levels, superposition of states, and entanglement, all of which are more commonly associated with atoms. Superconducting quantum bits (qubits) form the key component of these circuits. Their quantum state is manipulated by using electromagnetic pulses to control the magnetic flux, the electric charge or the phase difference across a Josephson junction (a device with nonlinear inductance and no energy dissipation). As such, superconducting qubits are not only of considerable fundamental interest but also might ultimately form the primitive building blocks of quantum computers.
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