Editorials

The paradox of Pakistan p585

How to avoid the mistakes of the past.

doi:10.1038/450585a

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An inconvenient truth p585

Research on human embryonic stem cells must go on.

doi:10.1038/450585b

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The big picture p586

Europe needs to find a way to prioritize and build large scientific facilities.

doi:10.1038/450586a

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Research Highlights

Research highlights p588

doi:10.1038/450588a

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Journal Club

Journal club p589

Ursula Euteneuer

doi:10.1038/450589a

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News

Loopholes in oversight rules revealed p590

US energy department criticized over procedure for misconduct investigations.

Eugenie Samuel Reich

doi:10.1038/450590a

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Deforestation on the agenda at climate meeting p590

Environmentalists urge policy-makers to include forestry issues at Bali talks.

Jeff Tollefson

doi:10.1038/450590b

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Brazil to boost science spend p591

President seeks to energize innovation and industry.

João Medeiros

doi:10.1038/450591a

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Now in Arabic... p591

Science classics get translated.

Jascha Hoffman

doi:10.1038/450591b

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Monuments and instruments p592

The architecture of the buildings in which researchers work can have a crucial effect on the fruits of their labour, Emma Marris finds.

Emma Marris

doi:10.1038/450592a

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Europe looks to draw power from Africa p595

Sahara Desert could become home to solar-power plants.

Emiliano Feresin

doi:10.1038/450595a

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Sidelines p596

Scribbles on the margins of science.

doi:10.1038/450596a

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Plant-disease controls sap outbreak responses p596

'Bioweapons' restrictions threaten to hamper research.

Ewen Callaway

doi:10.1038/450596b

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Graphic Detail: The real value of a scientist's wage p597

Researchers' spending power is not what it seems.

Quirin Schiermeier

doi:10.1038/450597a

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Australia prepares to ratify Kyoto Protocol p598

doi:10.1038/450598a

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Italy reappoints institute head despite controversy p598

doi:10.1038/450598b

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Argentina sets up a ministry of science p598

doi:10.1038/450598c

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Indonesia edges closer to sharing bird-flu samples p598

doi:10.1038/450498d

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China secures contract for Afghan copper mine p599

doi:10.1038/450599a

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India commits to boosting biotechnology research p599

doi:10.1038/450599b

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Correction

Correction p599

doi:10.1038/450599c

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Business

Fever pitch p600

The push for new anti-inflammatory drugs has pharmaceutical companies flocking to a previously abandoned therapy. Heidi Ledford reports on the resurrection of interleukin-1 blockers.

Heidi Ledford

doi:10.1038/450600a

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Europe says no p601

doi:10.1038/450601a

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Biotech buy p601

doi:10.1038/450601b

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Road test p601

doi:10.1038/450601c

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Market watch p601

Colin Macilwain

doi:10.1038/450601d

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News Features

Age research: A new angle on 'old' p603

Are ageing and disease two sides of the same coin? Erika Check Hayden reports from an institute that is betting that they are.

doi:10.1038/450603a

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The girl next door p606

Hanging bright in the morning sky, Venus's allure is obvious; but its blasted surface looks too hot to handle. Eric Hand investigates the difficulties of returning to the closest planet — and new plans to reap the rewards of doing so.

doi:10.1038/450606a

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Correspondence

Each co-author should sign to reduce risk of fraud p610

Kevin Yager

doi:10.1038/450610a

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Moon is the best witness to early Solar System history p610

Carle M. Pieters & George A. Paulikas

doi:10.1038/450610b

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Modifying theories is the fabric of scientific progress p610

Felix E. Schweizer

doi:10.1038/450610c

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Good thinking should not be wasted on bad ideas p610

James L. Sherley

doi:10.1038/450610d

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Books and Arts

The great debate p611

Today's take on the stem-cell field could recede rapidly in tomorrow's rear-view mirror.

Christopher Thomas Scott reviews Fundamentals of the Stem Cell Debate: The Scientific, Religious, Ethical and Political Issues

doi:10.1038/450611a

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Is artificial life moving any closer? p612

Greg Bear reviews Genesis Redux and Beyond Human by Gregory Benford & Elisabeth Malartre

doi:10.1038/450612a

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Exhibition: The art of arthropods p613

Nick Thomas reviews The art of arthropods

doi:10.1038/450613a

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On a molecular mission p613

Maria A. Blasco reviews Elizabeth Blackburn and the Story of Telomeres: Deciphering the Ends of DNA by Catherine Brady

doi:10.1038/450613b

Full Text | PDF (177K)

Is technology unnatural? p614

Philip Ball reviews The Artificial and the Natural: An Evolving Polarity

doi:10.1038/450614a

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Essay

The ethical regulation of science p615

Occasionally science makes procedures possible that are so radical that those at the interface between science and politics are called on to define moral standards for society.

Mary Warnock

doi:10.1038/450615a

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See also: Editor's summary

News and Views

Venus: Express dispatches p617

The Venus Express mission has returned its first findings on the harsh atmosphere of our sister planet. It's another step towards explaining how Venus turned out so differently from our balmy home.

Andrew P. Ingersoll

doi:10.1038/450617a

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Reproduction: The unusual suspect p619

The p53 protein is widely studied for its function as a tumour suppressor, preventing cancer. It emerges that this protein also has an essential physiological role in regulating embryo implantation in mice.

Colin L. Stewart

doi:10.1038/450619a

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Cell biology: Pore puzzle p621

Where would you start in trying to work out the structure of a macromolecular machine consisting of 456 proteins? Taking a combined experimental and computational approach is one answer.

John D. Aitchison & Richard W. Wozniak

doi:10.1038/450621a

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50 & 100 Years Ago p621

doi:10.1038/450621b

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Microscopy: Elementary resolution p622

The atoms and bonds that make up complex solids can be identified chemically — a feat made possible by cleverly combining spectroscopic and structural information conveyed by electrons scattered through a thin sample.

Christian Colliex

doi:10.1038/450622a

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Neuroscience: Sensors and synchronicity p623

Synaptic communication is triggered by action potentials, but neurons also talk to each other in between action potentials. Specific intracellular-calcium sensors regulate these conversations.

Ruth Heidelberger

doi:10.1038/450623a

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Molecular motors: A step dissected p625

The motor protein kinesin 'walks' by alternately advancing its two motor structural domains. A cutting-edge, single-molecule fluorescence technique reveals further details of this stepping mechanism.

Zeynep Ökten & Manfred Schliwa

doi:10.1038/450625a

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Obituary: Leslie Orgel (1927–2007) p627

Chemist, molecular biologist and pioneer in the study of the origins of life.

Gerald F. Joyce

doi:10.1038/450627a

Full Text | PDF (86K)

Review

Protein translocation across the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum and bacterial plasma membranes p663

Tom A. Rapoport

doi:10.1038/nature06384

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,051K)

Brief Communications Arising

Ediacaran oxidation and biotic evolution pE17

Kathleen Grey & Clive R. Calver

doi:10.1038/nature06360

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (192K)

Fike et al. reply pE18

D. A. Fike, J. P. Grotzinger, L. L. Pratt & R. R. Summons

doi:10.1038/nature06361

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (192K)

Articles

Shiga toxin induces tubular membrane invaginations for its uptake into cells p670

Winfried Römer, Ludwig Berland, Valérie Chambon, Katharina Gaus, Barbara Windschiegl, Danièle Tenza, Mohamed R. E. Aly, Vincent Fraisier, Jean-Claude Florent, David Perrais, Christophe Lamaze, Graça Raposo, Claudia Steinem, Pierre Sens, Patricia Bassereau & Ludger Johannes

doi:10.1038/nature05996

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,033K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary

A dual-Ca²⁺-sensor model for neurotransmitter release in a central synapse p676

Jianyuan Sun, Zhiping P. Pang, Dengkui Qin, Abigail T. Fahim, Roberto Adachi & Thomas C. Südhof

doi:10.1038/nature06308

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (948K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Heidelberger

Determining the architectures of macromolecular assemblies p683

Frank Alber, Svetlana Dokudovskaya, Liesbeth M. Veenhoff, Wenzhu Zhang, Julia Kipper, Damien Devos, Adisetyantari Suprapto, Orit Karni-Schmidt, Rosemary Williams, Brian T. Chait, Michael P. Rout & Andrej Sali

doi:10.1038/nature06404

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (2,188K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Aitchison & Wozniak

The molecular architecture of the nuclear pore complex p695

Frank Alber, Svetlana Dokudovskaya, Liesbeth M. Veenhoff, Wenzhu Zhang, Julia Kipper, Damien Devos, Adisetyantari Suprapto, Orit Karni-Schmidt, Rosemary Williams, Brian T. Chait, Andrej Sali & Michael P. Rout

doi:10.1038/nature06405

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (958K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Aitchison & Wozniak

Letters

Element-selective imaging of atomic columns in a crystal using STEM and EELS p702

Koji Kimoto, Toru Asaka, Takuro Nagai, Mitsuhiro Saito, Yoshio Matsui & Kazuo Ishizuka

doi:10.1038/nature06352

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (576K)

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Colliex

Visualizing single-molecule diffusion in mesoporous materials p705

Andreas Zürner, Johanna Kirstein, Markus Döblinger, Christoph Bräuchle & Thomas Bein

doi:10.1038/nature06398

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,390K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary

A diffusion mechanism for core–mantle interaction p709

Leslie A. Hayden & E. Bruce Watson

doi:10.1038/nature06380

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (230K) | Supplementary information

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Small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes p712

Jill C. Milne, Philip D. Lambert, Simon Schenk, David P. Carney, Jesse J. Smith, David J. Gagne, Lei Jin, Olivier Boss, Robert B. Perni, Chi B. Vu, Jean E. Bemis, Roger Xie, Jeremy S. Disch, Pui Yee Ng, Joseph J. Nunes, Amy V. Lynch, Hongying Yang, Heidi Galonek, Kristine Israelian, Wendy Choy, Andre Iffland, Siva Lavu, Oliver Medvedik, David A. Sinclair, Jerrold M. Olefsky, Michael R. Jirousek, Peter J. Elliott & Christoph H. Westphal

doi:10.1038/nature06261

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (327K) | Supplementary information

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Interpretation of the sonic hedgehog morphogen gradient by a temporal adaptation mechanism p717

Eric Dessaud, Lin Lin Yang, Katy Hill, Barny Cox, Fausto Ulloa, Ana Ribeiro, Anita Mynett, Bennett G. Novitch & James Briscoe

doi:10.1038/nature06347

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (492K) | Supplementary information

p53 regulates maternal reproduction through LIF p721

Wenwei Hu, Zhaohui Feng, Angelika K. Teresky & Arnold J. Levine

doi:10.1038/nature05993

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (293K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Stewart

Intracellular bacterial growth is controlled by a kinase network around PKB/AKT1 p725

Coenraad Kuijl, Nigel D. L. Savage, Marije Marsman, Adriaan W. Tuin, Lennert Janssen, David A. Egan, Mirjam Ketema, Rian van den Nieuwendijk, Susan J. F. van den Eeden, Annemieke Geluk, Alex Poot, Gijs van der Marel, Roderick L. Beijersbergen, Hermen Overkleeft, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff & Jacques Neefjes

doi:10.1038/nature06345

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (711K) | Supplementary information

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Calcineurin sets the bandwidth for discrimination of signals during thymocyte development p731

Elena M. Gallo, Monte M. Winslow, Kirsten Canté-Barrett, Amy N. Radermacher, Lena Ho, Lisa McGinnis, Brian Iritani, Joel R. Neilson & Gerald R. Crabtree

doi:10.1038/nature06305

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (642K) | Supplementary information

mTOR controls mitochondrial oxidative function through a YY1–PGC-1 transcriptional complex p736

John T. Cunningham, Joseph T. Rodgers, Daniel H. Arlow, Francisca Vazquez, Vamsi K. Mootha & Pere Puigserver

doi:10.1038/nature06322

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (527K) | Supplementary information

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Inhibition of the EGF receptor by binding of MIG6 to an activating kinase domain interface p741

Xuewu Zhang, Kerry A. Pickin, Ron Bose, Natalia Jura, Philip A. Cole & John Kuriyan

doi:10.1038/nature05998

• PDB code

  • 2RF9
  • 2RFD
  • 2RFE

• 3D view

  • 2RF9
  • 2RFD
  • 2RFE

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (582K) | Supplementary information

The centromere geometry essential for keeping mitosis error free is controlled by spindle forces p745

Jadranka Lonarek, Olga Kisurina-Evgenieva, Tatiana Vinogradova, Polla Hergert, Sabrina La Terra, Tarun M. Kapoor & Alexey Khodjakov

doi:10.1038/nature06344

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (1,825K) | Supplementary information

How kinesin waits between steps p750

Teppei Mori, Ronald D. Vale & Michio Tomishige

doi:10.1038/nature06346

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (670K) | Supplementary information

See also: Editor's summary | News and Views by Ökten & Schliwa

Naturejobs

Prospects p755

A spike in the number of adjunct professors may not bode well for US academia

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj7170-755a

Full Text | PDF (54K)

Cell Mates p756

Collaborations are more integral to the life sciences than ever — and funders are trying to keep pace. Jacqueline Ruttimann reports.

Jacqueline Ruttimann

doi:10.1038/nj7170-756a

Full Text | PDF (144K)

Richard Myers, director of Hudson-Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama p758

Richard Myers leaves Stanford genome centre for Huntsville.

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj7170-758a

Full Text | PDF (60K)

Authorship accountability p758

There's a better way to determine authorship.

Umesh Chandra Lavania

doi:10.1038/nj7170-758b

Full Text | PDF (60K)

Double trouble p758

When the combination of children and lab work seems overwhelming, I just try to persevere.

Moira Sheehan

doi:10.1038/nj7170-758c

Full Text | PDF (60K)

Futures

Repeating the past p760

A lesson in family history.

Peter Watts

doi:10.1038/450760a

Full Text | PDF (82K)