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Nature 444, 840-846 (14 December 2006) | doi:10.1038/nature05482; Published online 13 December 2006
Review Article Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Steven E. Kahn1, Rebecca L. Hull1 & Kristina M. Utzschneider1
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In obese individuals, adipose tissue releases increased amounts of non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines and other factors that are involved in the development of insulin resistance. When insulin resistance is accompanied by dysfunction of pancreatic islet 
-cells — the cells that release insulin — failure to control blood glucose levels results. Abnormalities in -cell function are therefore critical in defining the risk and development of type 2 diabetes. This knowledge is fostering exploration of the molecular and genetic basis of the disease and new approaches to its treatment and prevention.
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