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Letter
Nature 440, 787-789 (6 April 2006) | doi:10.1038/nature04636; Received 29 July 2005; Accepted 3 February 2006
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Increased Arctic cloud longwave emissivity associated with pollution from mid-latitudes
Timothy J. Garrett1 & Chuanfeng Zhao1
- Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
Correspondence to: Timothy J. Garrett1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to T.J.G. (Email: tgarrett@met.utah.edu).
Abstract
There is consensus among climate models that Arctic climate is particularly sensitive to anthropogenic greenhouse gases and that, over the next century, Arctic surface temperatures are projected to rise at a rate about twice the global mean1. The response of Arctic surface temperatures to greenhouse gas thermal emission is modified by Northern Hemisphere synoptic meteorology and local radiative processes2, 3, 4. Aerosols may play a contributing factor through changes to cloud radiative properties. Here we evaluate a previously suggested contribution of anthropogenic aerosols to cloud emission and surface temperatures in the Arctic5, 6, 7, 8. Using four years of ground-based aerosol and radiation measurements obtained near Barrow, Alaska, we show that, where thin water clouds and pollution are coincident, there is an increase in cloud longwave emissivity resulting from elevated haze levels. This results in an estimated surface warming under cloudy skies of between 3.3 and 5.2 W m-2 or 1 and 1.6 °C. Arctic climate is closely tied to cloud longwave emission2, 4, 9, but feedback mechanisms in the system are complex10 and the actual climate response to the described sensitivity remains to be evaluated.
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