Editorials

DARPA dreaming p129

Replicating the success of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), in an organization devoted to energy research, will be easier said than done.

doi:10.1038/438129a

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A less toxic solution p129

Industry should get behind a European partnership that will explore alternatives to animal testing.

doi:10.1038/438129b

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Flu in circulation p130

An interim US rule on safeguards may not, on its own, be enough to contain the 1918 flu virus.

doi:10.1038/438130a

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Research Highlights

Research highlights p132

doi:10.1038/438132a

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News

Deadly flu virus can be sent through the mail p134

US lab agrees to share reconstructed pandemic strain.

Andreas von Bubnoff

doi:10.1038/438134a

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Far East lays plans to be stem-cell hotspot p135

Asia seeks to capitalize on home-grown expertise.

David Cyranoski

doi:10.1038/438135a

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Sidelines p136

doi:10.1038/438136a

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Researchers break the rules in frustration at review boards p136

Experiments on human subjects go ahead without official approval, says survey.

Jim Giles

doi:10.1038/438136b

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Boeing strike leaves satellites stranded on launch pad p137

Rocket mechanics down tools over healthcare dispute.

Geoff Brumfiel

doi:10.1038/438137a

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Antigravity craft slips past patent officers p139

'Impossible' device gets seal of approval.

Philip Ball

doi:10.1038/438139a

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Bush buries US bunker-buster project p139

Plans for ground-penetrating nuclear warhead scrapped.

Geoff Brumfiel

doi:10.1038/438139b

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Congress attacked over species bill p140

Conservationists rally in face of law reforms.

Rex Dalton

doi:10.1038/438140a

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News in brief p142

doi:10.1038/438142a

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News Features

Animal testing: More than a cosmetic change p144

Commercial and political pressures are pushing for a halt to the use of animals in toxicology tests in Europe. This change will also mean a move towards better science, says Alison Abbott.

doi:10.1038/438144a

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Linguistics: Tongue tied p148

Endangered languages often contain key linguistic insights found nowhere else. But the tongues are disappearing faster than scientists can document them. Jessica Ebert reports.

doi:10.1038/438148a

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Psychiatric disease: All in the mind of a mouse p151

Could mice with faulty genes help us to understand the biology of psychiatric disease? Carina Dennis investigates.

doi:10.1038/438151a

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Business

Path to approval proves rocky for copycat biodrugs p154

Attempts to copy the first generation of biotechnology drugs are facing fierce resistance, as Meredith Wadman reports.

Meredith Wadman

doi:10.1038/438154a

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In brief p155

doi:10.1038/438155a

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Market Watch p155

Colin Macilwain

doi:10.1038/438155b

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Correspondence

Biodiversity needs the help of global change managers, not museum-keepers p156

Pierre L. Ibisch, Michael D. Jennings and Stefan Kreft

doi:10.1038/438156a

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Biodiversity: journals must take a broader view p156

Justin Gerlach

doi:10.1038/438156b

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Biodiversity: saving Florida panther makes sense p156

Laura Hartt

doi:10.1038/438156c

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Autumn Books

Peaks in climate research p157

Lonnie Thompson climbs every mountain to look for clues to climate change.

Georg Hoffmann reviews Thin Ice: Unlocking the Secrets of Climate in the World's Highest Mountains by Mark Bowen

doi:10.1038/438157a

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Magnetic personalities p158

David W. Hughes reviews Fatal Attraction: Magnetic Mysteries and the Enlightenment by Patricia Fara

doi:10.1038/438158a

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A poisoned reputation p158

John Cornwell reviews Between Genius and Genocide: The Tragedy of Fritz Haber, Father of Chemical Warfare by Daniel Charles

doi:10.1038/438158b

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Short cut to space-time p159

Jim Al-Khalili reviews A Briefer History of Time by Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow

doi:10.1038/438159a

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Science in society p161

Daniel J. Kevles reviews Victory and Vexation in Science: Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg and Others by Gerald Holton

doi:10.1038/438161a

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The making of a genius p162

Mark Lythgoe reviews The Creating Brain: The Neuroscience of Genius by Nancy C. Andreasen

doi:10.1038/438162a

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Digging for clues p163

Jennifer Clack reviews Discovering Dorothea: The Life of the Pioneering Fossil-Hunter Dorothea Bate by Karolyn Shindler

doi:10.1038/438163a

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A Stone Age greenhouse p165

Robert J. Charlson reviews Plows, Plagues and Petroleum: How Humans Took Control of Climate by William F. Ruddiman

doi:10.1038/438165a

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Sticking with nature p166

R. McNeill Alexander reviews The Gecko's Foot. Bio-inspiration: Engineered from Nature. by Peter Forbes

doi:10.1038/438166a

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News and Views

Neurobiology: Triggers for channel opening p167

Fast transmission between nerve cells relies on specialized ion channels. Probing the structure of these proteins reveals how the binding of a neurotransmitter causes the communication channels to open.

Cynthia Czajkowski

doi:10.1038/438167a

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Materials Science: Erasing electron mass p168

Two-dimensional graphite could be useful in carbon-based electronic devices. How electrons move in these structures seems best described by relativistic quantum physics, modelling them as if they have no mass at all.

Charles L. Kane

doi:10.1038/438168a

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Microbiology: RAMP resistance p170

There is an urgent need for new antimicrobial agents because antibiotic resistance has become so prevalent. But a promising class of such agents, known as RAMPs, may suffer from the same problem.

Angus Buckling and Michael Brockhurst

doi:10.1038/438170a

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Seismology: The start of something big? p171

Can we predict the final size of an earthquake from observations of its first few seconds? An extensive study of earthquakes around the Pacific Rim seems to indicate that we can — but uncertainties remain.

Rachel Abercrombie

doi:10.1038/438171a

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Circadian rhythms: Clock coordination p173

Many animals concentrate their activity around dawn and dusk. This timing is regulated by distinct 'morning' and 'evening' oscillators in the central nervous system. But how are these two neuronal clocks coordinated?

Michael N. Nitabach

doi:10.1038/438173a

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50 & 100 years ago p175

doi:10.1038/438175a

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Brief Communications

Gravitational tractor for towing asteroids p177

A spacecraft could deflect an Earth-bound asteroid without having to dock to its surface first.

Edward T. Lu and Stanley G. Love

doi:10.1038/438177a

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Green chemistry: Biodiesel made with sugar catalyst p178

Masakazu Toda, Atsushi Takagaki, Mai Okamura, Junko N. Kondo, Shigenobu Hayashi, Kazunari Domen and Michikazu Hara

doi:10.1038/438178a

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Brief Communications Arising

Neuroscience: Rewiring the adult brain pE3

Michael B. Calford, Yuzo M. Chino, Aniruddha Das, Ulf T. Eysel, Charles D. Gilbert, Stephen J. Heinen, Jon H. Kaas and Shimon Ullman

doi:10.1038/nature04359

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Neuroscience: Rewiring the adult brain (Reply) pE3

Stelios M. Smirnakis, Michael C. Schmid, Alyssa A. Brewer, Andreas S. Tolias, Almut Schüz, Mark Augath, Werner Inhoffen, Brian A. Wandell and Nikos K. Logothetis

doi:10.1038/nature04360

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Articles

Pathogenic bacteria induce aversive olfactory learning in Caenorhabditis elegans p179

Yun Zhang, Hang Lu and Cornelia I. Bargmann

doi:10.1038/nature04216

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (559K) | Supplementary information

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Subunit arrangement and function in NMDA receptors p185

Hiroyasu Furukawa, Satinder K Singh, Romina Mancusso and Eric Gouaux

doi:10.1038/nature04089

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Letters

Simulation of equatorial and high-latitude jets on Jupiter in a deep convection model p193

Moritz Heimpel, Jonathan Aurnou and Johannes Wicht

doi:10.1038/nature04208

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Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene p197

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieva, S. V. Dubonos and A. A. Firsov

doi:10.1038/nature04233

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Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene p201

Yuanbo Zhang, Yan-Wen Tan, Horst L. Stormer and Philip Kim

doi:10.1038/nature04235

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A record of Permian subaqueous vent activity in southeastern Brazil p205

Jorge Kazuo Yamamoto, Thomas Rich Fairchild, Paulo Cesar Boggiani, Tarcísio Jose Montanheiro, Carlos César de Araújo, Pedro Kunihiko Kiyohara, Sergio Luis Fabris de Matos and Paulo César Soares

doi:10.1038/nature04252

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Possible solar origin of the 1,470-year glacial climate cycle demonstrated in a coupled model p208

Holger Braun, Marcus Christl, Stefan Rahmstorf, Andrey Ganopolski, Augusto Mangini, Claudia Kubatzki, Kurt Roth and Bernd Kromer

doi:10.1038/nature04121

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The deterministic nature of earthquake rupture p212

Erik L. Olson and Richard M. Allen

doi:10.1038/nature04214

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Single origin of a pan-Pacific bird group and upstream colonization of Australasia p216

Christopher E. Filardi and Robert G. Moyle

doi:10.1038/nature04057

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A mutation accumulation assay reveals a broad capacity for rapid evolution of gene expression p220

Scott A. Rifkin, David Houle, Junhyong Kim and Kevin P. White

doi:10.1038/nature04114

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Gigaxonin-controlled degradation of MAP1B light chain is critical to neuronal survival p224

Elizabeth Allen, Jianqing Ding, Wei Wang, Suneet Pramanik, Jonathan Chou, Vincent Yau and Yanmin Yang

doi:10.1038/nature04256

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Fruitless specifies sexually dimorphic neural circuitry in the Drosophila brain p229

Ken-Ichi Kimura, Manabu Ote, Tatsunori Tazawa and Daisuke Yamamoto

doi:10.1038/nature04229

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Suppression of Polycomb group proteins by JNK signalling induces transdetermination in Drosophila imaginal discs p234

Nara Lee, Cédric Maurange, Leonie Ringrose and Renato Paro

doi:10.1038/nature04120

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A resetting signal between Drosophila pacemakers synchronizes morning and evening activity p238

Dan Stoleru, Ying Peng, Pipat Nawathean and Michael Rosbash

doi:10.1038/nature04192

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Principal pathway coupling agonist binding to channel gating in nicotinic receptors p243

Won Yong Lee and Steven M. Sine

doi:10.1038/nature04156

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Cis–trans isomerization at a proline opens the pore of a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel p248

Sarah C. R. Lummis, Darren L. Beene, Lori W. Lee, Henry A. Lester, R. William Broadhurst and Dennis A. Dougherty

doi:10.1038/nature04130

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See also: News and Views by Czajkowski

Naturejobs

The hands that guide p253

Good mentors deserve wider recognition.

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj7065-253a

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Steven Williams, president, Wildlife Management Institute, Washington DC p254

Wildlife biologist goes back to conservation.

Virginia Gewin

doi:10.1038/nj7065-254a

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Mentors & Protégés p254

Mentor helps students even during busy times.

Joyce Tung

doi:10.1038/nj7065-254b

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Graduate journal: Post-holiday revelations p254

A return to the lab brings fresh thoughts.

Tobias Langenhan

doi:10.1038/nj7065-254c

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Highlight: The Netherlands

doi:10.1038/nj0097

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Futures

The crime of the century p256

A little family planning.

Geoff Brumfiel

doi:10.1038/438256a

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