Editorials

Secrecy damages the NIH p739

An extensive piece of investigative journalism has highlighted conflicts of interest that cast a pall over the National Institutes of Health. The agency will lose its well-earned public trust if it does not radically increase its transparency.

doi:10.1038/426739a

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Variation for all p739

The consortium that is mapping human haplotypes establishes some important principles of access and credit in this issue.

doi:10.1038/426739b

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News

Accusations of bias prompt NIH review of ethical guidelines p741

Jonathan Knight

doi:10.1038/426741a

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Scientists attack industrial influence p741

Jonathan Knight

doi:10.1038/426741b

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Disillusionment and doubt undermine Kyoto's birthday bash p742

Quirin Schiermeier

doi:10.1038/426742a

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'Reverse genetics' could offer forward-thinking flu vaccine p742

Helen Pearson

doi:10.1038/426742b

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Koreans rustle up madness-resistant cows p743

David Cyranoski

doi:10.1038/426743a

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EMBO chief threatens to quit over funding crisis p743

Quirin Schiermeier

doi:10.1038/426743b

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Coral reveals ancient origins of human genes p744

Carina Dennis

doi:10.1038/426744a

Full Text | PDF (319K)

Elsevier waves goodbye to BioMedNet web portal p744

Jim Giles

doi:10.1038/426744b

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News in brief p746

doi:10.1038/426746a

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2003 In Context

Climate of conflict: In the shadow of war p748

Geoff Brumfiel and Jonathan Knight

doi:10.1038/426748a

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Highlights p749

doi:10.1038/426749a

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Nanotechnology: What is there to fear from something so small? p750

Jim Giles

doi:10.1038/426750a

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Genomics: Compare and contrast p750

Carina Dennis

doi:10.1038/426750b

Full Text | PDF (196K)

Cosmology: Welcome to the real world p751

Geoff Brumfiel

doi:10.1038/426751a

Full Text | PDF (127K)

China: From SARS to the stars p752

David Cyranoski

doi:10.1038/426752a

Full Text | PDF (234K)

Highlights p753

doi:10.1038/426753a

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Developing-world health: The fightback starts here p754

Declan Butler

doi:10.1038/426754a

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NASA: Trawling through the wreckage p754

Tony Reichhardt

doi:10.1038/426754b

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Membrane proteins: Channel voyager makes waves p755

Alison Abbott

doi:10.1038/426755a

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Watch this space p755

doi:10.1038/426755b

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Climate change: The long road from Kyoto p756

Quirin Schiermeier

doi:10.1038/426756a

Full Text | PDF (116K)

Neuroscience: Genomics on the brain p757

Alison Abbott

doi:10.1038/426757a

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Goodbye p757

doi:10.1038/426757b

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Correspondence

Celebrating 50 years of the cell cycle p759

To round off a year of scientific commemoration, let's raise a glass to Howard and Pelc.

Joseph G. Dubrovsky and Victor B. Ivanov

doi:10.1038/426759a

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What Darwin knew p759

William L. Abler

doi:10.1038/426759b

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There's more to science (and life) than scoops p759

Scott D. Blystone

doi:10.1038/426759c

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Commentary

1904 and all that p761

This year's anniversaries include neurons, the kodak and enlightenment.

doi:10.1038/426761a

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Books and Arts

Getting it off the ground p765

Celebrating the centenary of controlled, powered flight.

Andrew Nahum reviews The Wright Brothers and the Invention of the Aerial Age by Tom Crouch and Peter L. Jakab and Wings of Madness: Alberto Santos-Dumont and the Invention of Flight by Paul Hoffman

doi:10.1038/426765a

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A healthy draught of scepticism p766

Walter Gratzer reviews Eight Preposterous Propositions: From the Genetics of Homosexuality to the Benefits of Global Warming by Robert Ehrlich

doi:10.1038/426766a

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Let it snow p766

doi:10.1038/426766b

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Birds and the double elephant p767

David Knight reviews Audubon's Elephant: The Story of John James Audubon's Epic Struggle to Publish The Birds of America by Duff Hart-Davis and Audubon in Edinburgh: And his Scottish Associates by John Chalmers

doi:10.1038/426767a

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Science in culture p768

Martin Kemp reviews

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Concepts

Gaia: The living Earth p769

James Lovelock

doi:10.1038/426769a

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Lifelines

Ken Chien: From the grapevine p771

Ken Chien is the director of the Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, and a professor in the university's department of medicine and at the Salk Institute (adjunct). His hobbies include wine tasting, oriental art and losing to his daughters at tennis.

doi:10.1038/426771a

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News and Views

News and Views: A magnificent seven p773

Of the 325 News and Views articles published this year, seven are singled out for special attention. They illustrate the great job that scientists can do in communicating and commenting on new research.

Tim Lincoln

doi:10.1038/426773a

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Archaeology: Art of the ancients p774

One might imagine that the first examples of art would be simple and crude. New finds bolster the evidence that modern humans were astonishingly quick in developing their artistic skills.

Anthony Sinclair

doi:10.1038/426774a

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Cell biology: Earthworms and lipid couriers p775

Lipids can hop between cellular compartments without using the transport vesicles that carry proteins. A key molecule involved in conveying the lipid ceramide has at last been uncovered.

Sean Munro

doi:10.1038/426775a

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Organic chemistry: Aromatics do the twist p776

For nearly 40 years, organic chemists have been fascinated by the idea of aromatic molecules that have the topology of a Möbius strip. No such molecule has been isolated — until now.

David M. Lemal

doi:10.1038/426776a

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Biomechanics: Early birds surmount steep slopes p777

Even before they can fly, some young birds can run up vertical surfaces by using their wingbeats to add traction to their legs. Such behaviour may be relevant to understanding the origin of avian flight.

John R. Hutchinson

doi:10.1038/426777a

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Planetary science: Icy martian mysteries p779

Both Mars and Earth have experienced ice ages in geologically recent times. Coincidence of the phenomenon on two planets will further the scientific quest to answer the question of how ice ages originate.

Victor R. Baker

doi:10.1038/426779a

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Cell cycle: Passenger acrobatics p780

Chromosomal passenger proteins undergo spectacular changes in localization during cell division. We now have molecular insight into how and why these changes occur.

Toru Higuchi and Frank Uhlmann

doi:10.1038/426780a

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Astronomy: Wide-angle lens p781

Gravitational lenses produce multiple images of single astronomical objects. The most widely separated images of a quasar ever found reveal the dark-matter content of the lensing galaxies.

Joachim Wambsganss

doi:10.1038/426781a

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100 and 50 years ago p781

doi:10.1038/426781b

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Ecology: Badger cull culled p782

Large-scale field trials have been under way to assess how effective badger culls are in stemming the incidence of tuberculosis in cattle. One culling tactic, it seems, increases occurrence of the disease.

Timothy J. Roper

doi:10.1038/nature02219

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News and views in brief p784

doi:10.1038/426784a

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Brief Communications

Physiology: Efficiency of equine express postal systems p785

Relay riders over two millennia delivered mail with a remarkably consistent alacrity.

Alberto E. Minetti

doi:10.1038/426785a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (379K) | Supplementary information

Structural colour: Opal analogue discovered in a weevil p786

Andrew R. Parker, Victoria L. Welch, Dominique Driver and Natalia Martini

doi:10.1038/426786a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (99K)

Plasma antioxidants (communication arising): Health benefits of eating chocolate? p787

Barry Halliwell

doi:10.1038/426787a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (71K)

Nutrition: Milk and absorption of dietary flavanols p787

Hagen Schroeter, Roberta R. Holt, Timothy J. Orozco, Harold H. Schmitz and Carl L. Keen

doi:10.1038/426787b

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (71K)

Nutrition: Milk and absorption of dietary flavanols p788

Mauro Serafini and Alan Crozier

doi:10.1038/426788a

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (56K)

Feature

The International HapMap Project p789

The International HapMap Consortium

doi:10.1038/02168

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (431K) | Supplementary information

Articles

Recent ice ages on Mars p797

James W. Head, John F. Mustard, Mikhail A. Kreslavsky, Ralph E. Milliken and David R. Marchant

doi:10.1038/nature02114

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,260K)

See also: News and Views by Baker

Molecular machinery for non-vesicular trafficking of ceramide p803

Kentaro Hanada, Keigo Kumagai, Satoshi Yasuda, Yukiko Miura, Miyuki Kawano, Masayoshi Fukasawa and Masahiro Nishijima

doi:10.1038/nature02188

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1,264K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Munro

Letters to Nature

A gravitationally lensed quasar with quadruple images separated by 14.62 arcseconds p810

Naohisa Inada, Masamune Oguri, Bartosz Pindor, Joseph F. Hennawi, Kuenley Chiu, Wei Zheng, Shin-Ichi Ichikawa, Michael D. Gregg, Robert H. Becker, Yasushi Suto, Michael A. Strauss, Edwin L. Turner, Charles R. Keeton, James Annis, Francisco J. Castander, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Joshua A. Frieman, Masataka Fukugita, James E. Gunn, David E. Johnston, Stephen M. Kent, Robert C. Nichol, Gordon T. Richards, Hans-Walter Rix, Erin Scott Sheldon, Neta A. Bahcall, J. Brinkmann, eljko Ivezi, Don Q. Lamb, Timothy A. McKay, Donald P. Schneider and Donald G. York

doi:10.1038/nature02153

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (353K)

See also: News and Views by Wambsganss

Subatomic movements of a domain wall in the Peierls potential p812

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Dubonos, E. W. Hill and I. V. Grigorieva

doi:10.1038/nature02180

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (544K)

Subwavelength-diameter silica wires for low-loss optical wave guiding p816

Limin Tong, Rafael R. Gattass, Jonathan B. Ashcom, Sailing He, Jingyi Lou, Mengyan Shen, Iva Maxwell and Eric Mazur

doi:10.1038/nature02193

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (269K)

Synthesis of a Möbius aromatic hydrocarbon p819

D. Ajami, O. Oeckler, A. Simon and R. Herges

doi:10.1038/nature02224

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (230K) | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Lemal

Stable isotopic evidence for methane seeps in Neoproterozoic postglacial cap carbonates p822

Ganqing Jiang, Martin J. Kennedy and Nicholas Christie-Blick

doi:10.1038/nature02201

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (564K) | Supplementary information

A change in the freshwater balance of the Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades p826

Ruth Curry, Bob Dickson and Igor Yashayaev

doi:10.1038/nature02206

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (616K)

Palaeolithic ivory sculptures from southwestern Germany and the origins of figurative art p830

Nicholas J. Conard

doi:10.1038/nature02186

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (499K)

See also: News and Views by Sinclair

A larval Devonian lungfish p833

Keith S. Thomson, Mark Sutton and Bethia Thomas

doi:10.1038/nature02175

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (156K) | Supplementary information

Impact of localized badger culling on tuberculosis incidence in British cattle p834

Christl A. Donnelly, Rosie Woodroffe, D. R. Cox, John Bourne, George Gettinby, Andrea M. Le Fevre, John P. McInerney and W. Ivan Morrison

doi:10.1038/nature02192

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (226K)

Predicting distributions of known and unknown reptile species in Madagascar p837

Christopher J. Raxworthy, Enrique Martinez-Meyer, Ned Horning, Ronald A. Nussbaum, Gregory E. Schneider, Miguel A. Ortega-Huerta and A. Townsend Peterson

doi:10.1038/nature02205

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (237K)

Presynaptic induction of heterosynaptic associative plasticity in the mammalian brain p841

Yann Humeau, Hamdy Shaban, Stephanie Bissière and Andreas Lüthi

doi:10.1038/nature02194

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (692K) | Supplementary information

A microRNA controlling left/right neuronal asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans p845

Robert J. Johnston, Jr and Oliver Hobert

doi:10.1038/nature02255

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (496K) | Supplementary information

A self-organizing system of repressor gradients establishes segmental complexity in Drosophila p849

Dorothy E. Clyde, Maria S. G. Corado, Xuelin Wu, Adam Paré, Dmitri Papatsenko and Stephen Small

doi:10.1038/nature02189

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (288K) | Supplementary information

The gene product Murr1 restricts HIV-1 replication in resting CD4⁺ lymphocytes p853

Lakshmanan Ganesh, Ezra Burstein, Anuradha Guha-Niyogi, Mark K. Louder, John R. Mascola, Leo W. J. Klomp, Cisca Wijmenga, Colin S. Duckett and Gary J. Nabel

doi:10.1038/nature02171

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (388K) | Supplementary information

Inheritance of a pre-inactivated paternal X chromosome in early mouse embryos p857

Khanh D. Huynh and Jeannie T. Lee

doi:10.1038/nature02222

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (435K)

Evolutionary conservation of biogenesis of -barrel membrane proteins p862

Stefan A. Paschen, Thomas Waizenegger, Tincuta Stan, Marc Preuss, Marek Cyrklaff, Kai Hell, Doron Rapaport and Walter Neupert

doi:10.1038/nature02208

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (374K) | Supplementary information

An ABC transporter with a secondary-active multidrug translocator domain p866

Henrietta Venter, Richard A. Shilling, Saroj Velamakanni, Lekshmy Balakrishnan and Hendrik W. van Veen

doi:10.1038/nature02173

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (275K)

The Bloom's syndrome helicase suppresses crossing over during homologous recombination p870

Leonard Wu and Ian D. Hickson

doi:10.1038/nature02253

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (313K) | Supplementary information

Recognition of small interfering RNA by a viral suppressor of RNA silencing p874

Keqiong Ye, Lucy Malinina and Dinshaw J. Patel

doi:10.1038/nature02213

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (562K) | Supplementary information

A conspicuous nickel protein in microbial mats that oxidize methane anaerobically p878

Martin Krüger, Anke Meyerdierks, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Rudolf Amann, Friedrich Widdel, Michael Kube, Richard Reinhardt, Jörg Kahnt, Reinhard Böcher, Rudolf K. Thauer and Seigo Shima

doi:10.1038/nature02207

First paragraph | Full Text | PDF (221K) | Supplementary information

Insight

Protein misfolding p883

Adam Smith

doi:10.1038/426883a

Full Text | PDF (484K)

Protein folding and misfolding p884

Christopher M. Dobson

doi:10.1038/nature02261

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (448K)

Quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum protein factory p891

Roberto Sitia and Ineke Braakman

doi:10.1038/nature02262

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (239K)

Protein degradation and protection against misfolded or damaged proteins p895

Alfred L. Goldberg

doi:10.1038/nature02263

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (195K)

Folding proteins in fatal ways p900

Dennis J. Selkoe

doi:10.1038/nature02264

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (282K)

Therapeutic approaches to protein-misfolding diseases p905

Fred E. Cohen and Jeffery W. Kelly

doi:10.1038/nature02265

Abstract | Full Text | PDF (238K)

Naturejobs

Conference management p911

Paul Smaglik

doi:10.1038/nj6968-911a

Full Text | PDF (156K)