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Nature 420, 756-757 (19 December 2002) | doi:10.1038/420756a

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Computational biology: Evolution plays dice

Philip Gerrish

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In computer simulations, initially identical populations of organisms growing in identical environments follow very different evolutionary trajectories. Mutational interdependence is a key factor.

Because of the long timescales involved, evolution has principally been a historical or retrospective science, relying in large part on a sparse fossil record. This constraint makes drawing inferences about evolutionary processes very difficult, but it does not apply to systems where evolution happens fast.