Abstract
PROTEIN disulphide isomerase (PDI)1,2 is a highly abundant and ubiquitous eukaryotic protein that is essential for viability in yeast3,4. Although PDI is thought to catalyse disulphide bond formation and isomerization during protein biosynthesis, PDI has been found previously to have only moderate effects (∼25-fold) on the rate of oxidative folding of proteins in vitro. In addition, PDI has been implicated in several apparently unrelated cellular functions3. For example, PDI is the β-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase5 and is part of the trigylceride transfer complex6. The oxidative folding of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) is slow and inefficient in vitro7–11. Here we report that PDI increases by a factor of 3,000–6,000 the rates of folding of kinetically trapped BPTI folding intermediates, in which native structure impedes disulphide bond formation. By contrast, PDI has only small effects on the rate of disulphide bond formation in intermediates that are oxidized readily in the absence of PDI. These results suggest that an important function of PDI is to catalyse disulphide bond formation and rearrangements within kinetically trapped, structured folding intermediates.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Goldberger, R. F., Epstein, C. J. & Anfinsen, C. B. J. biol. Chem. 238, 628–635 (1963).
Venetianer, P. & Straub, F. B. Biochem. biophys. Acta 67, 166–168 (1963).
Noiva, R. & Lennarz, W. J. J. biol. Chem. 267, 3553–3556 (1991).
Freedman, R. B. in Protein Folding (ed. Creighton, T. E.) 481–488 (Freeman, New York, (1992).
Pihlajaniemi, T. et al. EMBO J. 6, 643–649 (1987).
Wetterau, J. R., Combs, K. A., Spinner, S. N. & Joiner, B. J. J. biol. Chem. 265, 9800–9807 (1990).
Creighton, T. E. J. molec. Biol. 113, 275–293 (1977).
Creighton, T. E. & Goldenberg, D. P. J. molec. Biol. 179, 497–526 (1984).
Weissman, J. S. & Kim, P. S. Science 253, 1386–1393 (1991).
Weissman, J. S. & Kim, P. S. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 9900–9904 (1992).
Weissman, J. S. & Kim, P. S. Cell 71, 841–851 (1992).
Creighton, T. E. & Charles, I. G. J. molec. Biol. 194, 11–22 (1987).
Creighton, T. E., Hillson, D. A. & Freedman, R. B. J. molec. Biol. 142, 43–62 (1980).
Zapun, A., Creighton, T. E., Rowling, P. J. E. & Freedman, R. B. Proteins 14, 10–15 (1992).
Hwang, C., Sinskey, A. J. & Lodish, H. F. Science 257, 1496–1502 (1992).
Lyles, M. M. & Gilbert, H. F. Biochemistry 30, 613–619 (1991).
Kaji, E. H. & Lodish, H. F. J. biol. Chem. (in the press).
Noiva, R., Kimura, H., Roos, J. & Lennarz, W. J. J. biol. Chem. 266, 19645–19649 (1991).
Morjana, N. A. & Gilbert, H. F. Biochemistry 30, 4985–4990 (1991).
Flynn, G. C., Chappell, T. G. & Rothman, J. E. Science 245, 385–390 (1989).
Deisenhofer, J. & Steigemann, W. Acta crystallogr. B31, 238–250 (1975).
Wlodawer, A., Walter, J., Huber, R. & Sjölin, L. J. molec. Biol. 180, 301–329 (1984).
Lee, B. & Richards, F. M. J. molec. Biol. 55, 379–400 (1971).
Stassinopoulou, C. I., Wagner, G. & Wüthrich, K. Eur. J. Biochem. 145, 423–430 (1984).
States, D. J., Dobson, C. M., Karplus, M. & Creighton, T. E. J. molec. Biol. 174, 411–418 (1984).
Eigenbrot, C., Randal, M. & Kossiakoff, A. A. Protein Engng 3, 591–598 (1990).
van Mierlo, C. P. M., Darby, N. J., Neuhaus, D. & Creighton, T. E. J. molec. Biol. 222, 353–371 (1991).
Morjana, N. A., McKeone, B. J. & Gilbert, H. F. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 2107–2111 (1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weissman, J., Kimt, P. Efficient catalysis of disulphide bond rearrangements by protein disulphide isomerase. Nature 365, 185–188 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1038/365185a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/365185a0
This article is cited by
-
Dynamic assembly of protein disulfide isomerase in catalysis of oxidative folding
Nature Chemical Biology (2019)
-
Improvement in the production of the human recombinant enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (rhGALNS) in Escherichia coli using synthetic biology approaches
Scientific Reports (2017)
-
SHuffle, a novel Escherichia coli protein expression strain capable of correctly folding disulfide bonded proteins in its cytoplasm
Microbial Cell Factories (2012)
-
Pre-expression of a sulfhydryl oxidase significantly increases the yields of eukaryotic disulfide bond containing proteins expressed in the cytoplasm of E.coli
Microbial Cell Factories (2011)
-
pH Dependence of the Isomerase Activity of Protein Disulfide Isomerase: Insights into its Functional Relevance
The Protein Journal (2008)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.