Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Stratospheric ozone depletion and future levels of atmospheric chlorine and bromine

Abstract

The rise in atmospheric chlorine levels caused by the emission of chlorofluorocarbons and other halocarbons is thought to be the main cause of the appearance of the Antarctic ozone 'hole' in the late 1970s, and the more modest ozone depletion observed over parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Atmospheric bromine, also associated with halocarbon emissions, is believed to contribute to ozone depletion. Over the next decade, further increases in these compounds are inevitable. Model calculations show that by the end of the next century, atmospheric chlorine and bromine levels may return to those prevalent before the onset of the ozone hole, but only if more stringent regulations are applied to halocarbon production than those currently proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Final Act, UNEP (1987).

  2. Molina, L. T. & Molina, M. J. J. phys. Chem. 91, 433–436 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wofsy, S. C., McElroy, M. B. & Yung, Y. L. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2, 215–218 (1975).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Prather, M. J., McElroy, M. B. & Wofsy, S. C. Nature 312, 227–231 (1984).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. McElroy, M. B., Salawitch, R. J., Wofsy, S. C. & Logan, J. A. Nature 321, 759–762 (1986).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Anderson, J. G. et al. J. geophys. Res. 94, 11480–11520 (1989).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ko, M. K. W. et al. J. geophys. Res. 94, 16705–16716 (1989).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Farman, J. C., Gardiner, B. G. & Shanklin, J. D. Nature 315, 207–210 (1985).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Stolarski, R. S. et al. Nature 322, 808–811 (1986).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Krueger, A. J., Schoeberl, M. R., Stolarski, R. S. & Sechrist, F. S. Geophys. Res. Lett. 15, 1365–1368 (1988).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Watson, R. T., Prather, M. J. & Kurylo, M. J. NASA Reference Publication 1208, 1–208 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone: 1989 World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Rep. No. 20 (WMO, Geneva, 1990).

  13. Fisher, D. A. et al. Nature 344, 508–512 (1990).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. AFEAS, Alternative Fluorocarbon Environmental Acceptability Study, Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone: 1989, Vol. II Appendix: AFEAS, World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Rep. No, 20 (WMO, Geneva, 1990).

  15. Heidt L. E. et al. J. geophys. Res. 94, 11599–11612 (1989).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Podolske, J. R., Lowenstein, M., Strahan, S. E. & Chan, K. R. J. geophys. Res. 94, 17767–16772 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. 1987 Production and Sales of Chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 and CFC-12 (Chemical Manufacturers Association, Fluorocarbon Program Panel, Washington DC, 1988).

  18. DuPont Magazine Vol 83, No. 5 (1989).

  19. Cunnold, D. M. et al. J. geophys. Res. 91, 10797–10817 (1986).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Prinn, R. G. et al. Science 239, 945–950 (1987).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rowland, F. S. et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, 481–484 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Penkett, S. A., Jones, B. M. R., Rycroft, M. J. & Simmons, D. A. Nature 318, 550–553 (1985).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Prather, M., Watson, R. Stratospheric ozone depletion and future levels of atmospheric chlorine and bromine. Nature 344, 729–734 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1038/344729a0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/344729a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing