The likely long-term global consequences of nuclear war remain catastrophic, despite attempts to minimize the dangers.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Crutzen, P. & Birks, J. Ambio 11, 114–125 (1982).
Turco, R. P., Toon, O. B., Pollack, J. B. & Sagan, C. EOS 63, 1018 (1982).
Turco, R. P., Toon, O. B., Ackerman, T. P., Pollack, J. B. & Sagan, C. Science 222, 1283–1292 (1983). [“TTAPS”].
Ehrlich, P. R. et al. Science 222, 1293–1300 (1983).
Carrier, G. et al. The Effects on the Atmosphere of a Major Nuclear Exchange (National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1985).
Sagan, C. Foreign Affairs 62(2), 257–292 (Winter 1983/84).
Teller, E. Nature 310, 621–624 (1984).
Teller, E. Reader's Digest, 138–144 (November 1982).
Teller, E. Statement before the Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agricultural Research & Environment, U.S. House of Representatives (12 September 1984).
The Effects of Nuclear War, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-NS-89 (May 1979).
Ambio 11, 2–3 (1982).
Knox, J. B. Global Scale Deposition of Radioactivity from a Large-Scale Exchange (Publ. UCRL-89917, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1983).
Chester, C. V. & Chester, R. O. Nucl. Tech. 31, 326–338 (1976).
Badash, L., Hirschfelder, J. O. & Broida, H. P. Reminiscences of Los Alamos, 1943–1945, 73–78 (Reidel, Dordrecht, 1980).
Causes and Effects of Changes in Stratospheric Ozone: Update 1983 (National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1984).
Arkin, W. M., Cochran, T. B. & Hoenig, M. M. Bull. Atomic Sci., Suppl. August/September (1984).
Cochran, T. B., Arkin, W. M. & Hoenig, M. M. Nuclear Weapons Databook: Vol. I, U.S. Nuclear Forces and Capabilities (Ballinger, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1984).
Foley, H. M. & Ruderman, M. A. J. geophys. Res. 78, 4441–4450 (1973).
Gutmacher, R. G., Higgins, G. H. & Tewes, H. A. Total Mass and Concentration of Particles in Dust Clouds (Publ. UCRL-14397, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1983).
An Assessment of Frequently Neglected Effects of Nuclear Attacks, U.S. Arms Control & Disarmament Agency, Civil Defense Study No. 5, April 19 (1978).
Covey, C., Schneider, S. H. & Thompson, S. L. Nature 308, 21–25 (1984).
Sandberg, D. V., Pierovich, J. M., Fox, D. G. & Ross, E. W. US Forest Service Tech. Rep. W0-9 (1979).
Ward, D. F., Nelson, R. M. Jr & Adams, D. F. Forest Fire Smoke Plume Documentation (US Department of Agriculture, Macon, Georgia. 1979).
MacCracken, M. C. Nuclear War: Preliminary Estimates of the Climatic Effects of a Nuclear Exchange (Publ. UCRL-89770, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1983).
Alexandrov, V. V. & Stenchikov, G. L. On Modelling the Climatic Consequences of Nuclear War, Proc. appl. Math. (Computer Center, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983).
Thompson, S. L. et al. Ambio 13, 236–243 (1984).
Matson, M., Schneider, S. R., Aldridge, B. & Satchwell, B. NOAA Tech. Rept. NESDIS 7, (US Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, 1984).
Davies, R. W. in Atmospheric Diffusion and Air Pollution (eds Frenkiel, F. N. & Sheppard, P. A.) 413–415 (Academic, New York, 1959).
Eagan, R. C., Hobbs, P. V. & Radke, L. F. J. appl. Meteorol. 13, 553–557 (1974).
Radke, L. F. et al. Proc. 3rd WMO sci. Conf. Weather Modification, Clermont-Ferrand, France, July 21–25, 119–126 (1980).
Mordy, W. A. Geophys. Monogr. 5, 399 (American Geophysical Union, 1960).
Cotton, W. R. Am. Scient. 73(3), 275 (1985).
Broyles, A. A. Am. J. Phys. 53(4), 323 (1985).
Tewarson, A. & Steciak, J. “Fire ventilation”, Factory Mutual Research, Norwood, Mass., Technical Report FMRC J. I., OEON 6C 070(a), October (1982).
FEMA Attack Environment Manual, CPG 2-1A3, (Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC, 1982).
Crutzen, P. J., Bruhl, C. & Galbally, I. E. Climat. Change 6, 323–364 (1984).
Oil Gas J. 82, 114 (1984).
International Petroleum Encylopaedia, 316–322 (Pennwell, Tulsa, 1984).
Day, T., MacKay, D., Nadeu, S. & Thurier, R. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 11, 139–152 (1979).
Tewarson, A. in Flame Retardant Polymeric Material Vol. 3 (eds Lewin, M., Atlas, S. M. & Pierce, E. M.) 97–153 (Plenum, New York, 1982).
Bethe, H. A., Garwin, R. L., Gottfried, K. & Kendall, H. W. Scient. Am. 251, 39 (1984).
Tirman, J. (ed.) The Fallacy of Star Wars (Random House, New York, 1984).
Carter Ashton, B. Directed Energy Missile Defense in Space, Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress (1984).
Drell, S. D., Farley, P. J. & Holloway, D. The Reagan Strategic Defense Initiative: A Technical, Political and Arms Control Assessment (International Strategic Institute, Stanford University, 1984).
Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B. & Lichtenstein, S. in Societal Risk Assessment (Plenum, New York, 1980).
Hare, F. K. et al. Nuclear Winter and Associated Effects (Royal Society of Canada, 1985).
Thompson, S. L. Nature (submitted).
Malone, R. C., Auer, L. H., Glatzmaier, G. A., Wood, M. C. & Toon, O. B. J. geophys. Res. (submitted).
scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, International Council of Scientific Unions, Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War (Wiley, New York, in the press).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sagan, C. On minimizing the consequences of nuclear war. Nature 317, 485–488 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1038/317485a0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/317485a0
This article is cited by
-
Simulating the climatic effects of nuclear war
Nature (1988)
-
The real hazards of nuclear fallout
Nature (1986)
-
Climatic change with nuclear war
Nature (1985)