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22-kHz calls by isolated rats

Nature volume 265, pages 236–238 (1977)Cite this article

Abstract

CALLS of about 22 kHz occur during two kinds of social interaction among rats, Rattus norvegicus: they are produced by submissive animals in agonistic encounters1 and by males after ejaculation2,3. I have now discovered that calls of similar structure regularly occur without social stimulation and in a daily pattern controlled by the light–dark cycle. Such ‘spontaneous’ 22-kHz calls may help in the maintenance and development of other behaviour patterns.

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Author notes

  1. R. L. FRANCIS

    Present address: Department of Psychology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology and Comparative Physiology, Queen Mary College (University of London), Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK

    R. L. FRANCIS

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  1. R. L. FRANCIS
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FRANCIS, R. 22-kHz calls by isolated rats. Nature 265, 236–238 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1038/265236a0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/265236a0

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