Nature 218, 426 - 430 (04 May 1968); doi:10.1038/218426a0

Evolution of the Immune Process in Vertebrates

F. M. BURNET

University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

This article is a slightly up-dated version of the presidential address to the Australian Society of Immunologists given by Sir Macfarlane Burnet in December 1967. He suggests that the mammalian immune system could have evolved from the haemocyte or primitive mobile cell of the invertebrate.

1. Jerne, N. K. , Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol., 32 (in the press).
2. Burnet, F. M. , Austral. J. Sci., 20, 67 (1957).
3. Burnet, F. M. , The Clonal Selection Theory of Acquired Immunity (Cambridge and Vanderbilt University Presses, 1959).
4. Burnet, F. M. , Nature, 203, 451 (1964). | Article | PubMed | ISI |
5. Burnet, F. M. , Biological Aspects of Infectious Diseases, first ed. (Cambridge University Press, 1940).
6. Salt, G. , Parasitology, 53, 527 (1963). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
7. Tripp, M. R. , J. Parasitol., 47, 745 (1961). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
8. Cushing, J. E. , Calaprice, N. L. , and Trump, G. , Biol. Bull., 125, 69 (1963). | ISI |
9. Uhlenbruck, G. , Kim, Z. , and Prokop, O. , Nature, 213, 76 (1967). | Article | ISI | ChemPort |
10. Hildeman, W. H. , and Owen, R. D. , Transplant. Bull., 3, 132 (1956).
11. Thomas, L. , in Cellular and Humoral Aspects of the Hypersensitive State (edit. by Lawrence, H. S.), 529 (Hoeber, New York, 1959).
12. Uhr, J. W. , Physiol. Rev., 46, 359 (1966). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
13. Humphrey, J. H. , Brit. Med. Bull., 23, 93 (1967). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
14. Turk, J. L. , and Heather, C. J. , Intern. Arch. Allergy, 27, 199 (1965). | ISI | ChemPort |
15. Parrott, D. M. V. , de Sousa, M. A. B. , and East, J. , J. Exp. Med., 123, 191 (1966). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
16. Oort, J. , and Turk, J. L. , Brit. J. Exp. Pathol., 46, 147 (1965). | ISI | ChemPort |
17. Lawrence, H. S. , J. Clin. Invest., 34, 219 (1955). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
18. Lawrence, H. S. , in Cellular and Humoral Aspects of the Hypersensitive State (edit. by Lawrence, H. S.), 279 (Hoeber, New York, 1959).
19. Rothman, U. , and Lidén, S. , Nature, 208, 389 (1965). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
20. Burnet, M. , Brit. Med. J., ii, 807 (1962).
21. Ada, G. L. , Nossal, G. J. V. , and Pyre, J. , Austral. J. Exp. Biol., 42, 295 (1964). | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
22. Glick, B. , Chang, T. S. , and Jaap, R. G. , Poultry Sci., 35, 224 (1956). | ISI |
23. Good, R. A. , and Papermaster, B. W. , Adv. Immunol., 4, 1 (1964). | ISI |
24. Warner, N. L. , and Szenberg, A. , Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 18, 253 (1964). | ISI | ChemPort |
25. Moore, M. A. S. , and Owen, J. J. T. , Develop. Biol., 14, 40 (1966). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
26. Cooper, M. D. , Peterson, R. D. A. , South, M. A. , and Good, R. A. , J. Exp. Med., 123, 75 (1966). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
27. Good, R. A. , Cooper, M. D. , Peterson, R. D. A. , Hoyer, J. R. , and Gabrielsen, A. E. , in Germinal Centres in Immune Responses (edit. by Cottier, H.), 386 (Springer, Berlin, 1967).
28. Miller, J. F. A. P. , and Mitchell, G. F. , Nature, 216, 659 (1967). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
29. Mitchell, G. F. , and Miller, J. F. A. P. , Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci. (in the press).
30. Cross, A. M. , Leuchars, E. , and Miller, J. F. A. P. , J. Exp. Med., 119, 837 (1964). | Article | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
31. Davies, A. J. S. , Leuchars, E. , Wallis, V. , Marchant, R. , and Elliott, E. V. , Transplantation, 5, 222 (1967).
32. Dutton, R. W. , and Harris, G. , Fed. Proc., 22, 266 (1963). | ISI |