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Pharmacological inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, including the approved anti-obesity drug orlistat, are shown to inhibit replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in a mouse model of infection in vivo.
Bidault et al. find that interleukin-4 activates SREBP1 to promote de novo lipogenesis that consumes NADPH to drive alternative activation of macrophages through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species.
Through integration of lipidomic and proteomic analyses of exosomes from patients with COVID-19, Lam et al. find that exosomes from different stages of infection have distinct compositions and can evoke distinct responses in recipient cells.
Boyd and LoCoco et al. link ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid–rich diet to development of peripheral nerve damage in mice, revealing diet as a risk factor for chronic pain.
Bile acids are shown to enter the brain and regulate short-term reductions in food intake after a meal by inhibiting neuropeptide release from agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide Y neurons.
Glycogen accumulation is a hallmark of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Xie et al. uncover that under metabolic stress or hypoxia, these glycogen deposits are dispensable for tumour cell proliferation and survival, both in vivo and in vitro.
In a screen of peripheral blood cells from fasted or fed individuals, Han et al. identify FOXO4 and its target FKBP5 as fasting-induced modulators of CD4+ T helper cell responsiveness.
In an unbiased screen, Perry et al. find that tetracycline antibiotics improve resilience of cultured cells carrying disease-associated mitochondrial DNA mutations. Doxycycline is shown to increases survival, and reduce symptoms, in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome.