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Spens and Burgess develop a computational model that shows how the hippocampus encodes episodic memories and replays them to train generative models of the world. Conceptual and sensory representations of experience can then be recombined for imagination and memory.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the evidence for transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural psychotherapy for the treatment of emotional disorders.
This collaborative realist review examines evidence for the use of remote measurement technologies for depression in young people, to inform future research and practice.
Using a unique high-quality dataset of 37,000 parent–offspring trios, the authors probe the mechanisms of the so-called indirect genetic effects on educational attainment. Surprisingly, they find that these effects cannot be explained by processes that operate exclusively within the nuclear family and instead are consistent with dynastic social effects.
Using experimental and archival data, Johnson and Proudfoot show that when an idea is novel, disagreement on how valuable it is grows. People may see the higher variability in value evaluation as a sign of risk and be less willing to invest in such an idea.
Monetary incentives were found to be more motivating than psychological interventions for individuals in the United States and the United Kingdom, compared with individuals in China, India, Mexico and South Africa. Among bilinguals on Facebook, money was more motivating in English compared with in Hindi.
The authors analyse over 12 million Australian job postings and find that since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an acceleration in the aggregate demand for interpersonal skills.
The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in an East Asian ancestry cohort, and a cross-ancestry meta-analysis with earlier genome-wide association studies from European ancestry populations, providing new insights into correlations and transferability between ancestries.
A genome-wide association study of the human hypothalamus discovers 23 unique loci and examines genetic associations with neuropsychiatric behaviours and disorders.
The authors conducted a comprehensive exome-wide association analysis on eight sleep-related traits. The researchers identified 22 new genes associated with various aspects of sleep, such as chronotype, daytime sleepiness, daytime napping, snoring and sleep apnoea, highlighting the importance of large-scale genomic studies in unravelling the genetic basis of sleep-related traits.
Tuckute et al. use a machine learning approach to identify sentences that either maximally or minimally activate the human language processing network.
In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Blume et al. report results of a study on the contribution of colour vision mechanisms to circadian modulation by light.
Using eye-tracking and representational geometry analyses, Linde-Domingo and Spitzer find that, even when requested to maintain fixation, humans produce involuntary miniature gaze patterns that encode visuospatial information and change over time to reflect the underlying mental process.
Evidence from genetics, skeletal remains and dietary isotopes indicates that sex-specific height disparities in Early Neolithic Europe can be linked to culture, more than environment or genetics. This suggests that a cultural preference for males may have had biological effects 7,000 yr ago.
The authors linked data from non-European Union migrants and resettled refugees to the national COVID-19 vaccination dataset in England, demonstrating disparities in vaccination timing and coverage.
Spampatti et al. examined the efficacy of six psychological inoculation strategies and discovered that these strategies had close to no protective effects against climate disinformation across 12 different countries.
Doctorate recipients with disabilities experienced early in life (at age <25 yr) working in STEM at academic institutions earned US$10,580 less per year than non-disabled workers and were underrepresented in higher academic positions.
This eye-tracking study of ~500 5-month-old infant twins indicates that individual preferences for faces versus non-social objects like cars and phones are associated with genetic variation.