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The relevance of history to contemporary food security issues is often overlooked, yet context is key to understand drivers of vulnerability and to design interventions. This Review offers a historical account of eastern African food systems from 1497 to 1840, including maps, documentary sources and archaeological data on foodstuffs, farming and diets.
Multiple stable cell lines will be needed for cultivated meat scale-up and industrial production. This Review explores the potential of myogenic, adipogenic and extracellular matrix-producing adult stem cells and embryonic or inducible pluripotent stem cells for their proliferative and differentiation capacity, necessary for cultivated meat production.
Elevated CO2, global warming, ozone pollution and drought are major climate-related environmental challenges affecting field crop production. This Review discusses strategies and opportunities for crop production under climate change and air pollution at the plant, field and ecosystem scales.
Irrigation expansion is expected to meet increasing food demand and help agriculture adapt to climate change. This Review article synthesizes the various linkages between irrigation and climate, evaluating their impacts on each other and presenting innovative solutions for sustainable irrigation under climate change.
Wildfires can be a highly disruptive force in agricultural systems, yet their impacts are poorly understood. Looking at the western United States as a case study, this scoping review identifies and analyses the pathways—direct, downwind and downstream—through which wildfires impact agricultural resources, labour, and crop and livestock products.
