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The authors show that the energy-regulating peptide nesfatin-1 suppresses acidosis-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in acid-stimulated chondrocytes and alleviates symptoms in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Its mechanism may be related to its ability to decrease ASIC1a protein levels via the MAPK/ERK and NF-κB pathways.
As IL-34, a macrophage growth factor, is elevated in RA patients, it is considered a therapeutic target. Unexpectedly, inflammatory arthritis in IL-34 null mice and the newly identified IL-34 receptor, PTPRZ, null mice worsened disease. Through macrophage mediated mechanisms, IL-34 and PTPRZ-dependent events limited apoptotic neutrophil rich synovial inflammation and joint destruction. These findings counter the assumption that IL-34 is harmful in RA, and fuel further studies before designing a therapeutic approach for this illness.
The present study reveals that the hepatitis-B (HBV) antigen HBeAg found in HBV+HCC upregulates long non-coding RNA MAPKAPK5_AS1 (MAAS) expression in M2 macrophages by affecting its m6A modification. MAAS is transferred to HBV+HCC cells via exosomes, which in turn facilitates their proliferation. This is a novel role for MAAS and further elucidates the mechanism of HBeAg-induced HBV-related HCC development.
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare and aggressive neoplasms with limited models for laboratory-based studies. This study established eight models of soft tissue sarcomas, three malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, four undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, and one unclassified spindle cell sarcoma. The new sarcoma cell lines are tools to elucidate molecular aberrations and improve treatment options for these difficult-to-treat sarcomas.
This study reveals that miR-483-5p is upregulated by cisplatin treatment and exacerbates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury via negative regulation of GPX3 and contributes to tubular cell apoptosis. The authors demonstrate that miR-483-5p is a key upstream mediator regulating acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin and may serve as a new target for diagnosis and therapy.
Gastric cancer possesses great histological and molecular diversity, which creates obstacles for rapid and efficient diagnoses. To overcome the limitations of the classic diagnostic procedure in gastric cancer, the authors established a deep learning system to achieve intelligent tumor differentiation grading and microsatellite instability status recognition using hematoxylin-eosin stained whole slide images from 467 patients. They used the convolutional neural network visualization to demonstrate the key pathological features learned by the system to increase system interpretability.