Abstract
A model for the effects of a single gene (SG), background genes (BG), an environmental factor (EF) and the effects of their interactions on quantitative traits is developed. It is a mixed model where SG and EF have fixed effects while BG have a random effect. This model is applied to the analysis of the effects of the dwarfing alleles at the Rht1 locus (SG), interfamily variation (representing BG) and the growth regulant CCC (EF) on coleoptile, leaf and culm length of spring wheat. Culm length of F7 families was tested in a field experiment in the absence of lodging. Coleoptile and leaf lengths of F9 seedlings were examined in a growth room at 18°C. Each family was descended from a single F5 plant, heterozygous at the Rht1 locus. Within each family the homozygous tall (rht1) and the homozygous semi-dwarf (Rht1) genotypes were identified. Thus, comparing nearly isogenic genotypes within random families in advanced generations enabled the estimation of all the main effects and interactions between SG, BG and EF. The restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method was used in the analysis of variance.
In all the three organs CCC caused significant shortening which was somewhat greater in the rht1 than in the Rht1 genotype and the CCC × Rht1 interaction effect on culm length was significant. Considerable and significant interfamily variation was found for all three characters. A significant CCC × family interaction effect on the length of the first leaf was obtained. This interaction effect was of a specific trend indicating a distinct increase in the response to CCC with greater leaf length. No CCC × Rht1 × family or Rht1 × family interaction effects were detected. The use of two graphical/analytical methods proved to be complementary for a complete evaluation of two-way interactions (CCC × families and CCC × Rht1 in the present study).
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Allan, R E, Vogel, O A, and Peterson, C J. JR. 1968. Inheritance and differentiation of semi-dwarf culm length of wheat. Crop Sci, 8, 701–704.
Beharav, A, Pinthus, M J, and Cahaner, A. 1988. Interaction effects of the Rht dwarfing alleles and polygenes on culm length and grain yield of spring wheat. In: Miller, T. E. and Koebner, R. M. D. (eds) Proceedings of the Seventh International Wheat Genetics Symposium, pp. 1047–1050. Cambridge, England.
Beharav, A, Pinthus, M J, and Cahaner, A. 1992. Interaction effects of the Rhtl and Rht2 dwarfing alleles and background genes on the growth and the grain yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Europ J Agron, 1, 263–269.
Dixon, W J, Brown, M B, Engelman, L, Frane, J W, Hill, M A, Jennrich, R I, and Toporek, J D. 1985. BMDP Statistical Software. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Elkind, Y, and Cahaner, A. 1986. A mixed model for the effects of single gene, polygenes and their interaction on quantitative traits. I. The model and experimental design. Theor Appl Genet, 72, 377–383.
Falconer, D S. 1952. The problem of environment and selection. Am Nat, 86, 293–298.
Falconer, D S. 1981. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics, 2nd edn. Longman, London.
Fisher, R A, and Mackenzie, W A. 1923. Studies in crop variation. 2. The manurial response of different potato varieties. J Agric Sci Camb, 13, 311–320.
Freeman, G H. 1973. Statistical methods for the analysis of genotype-environment interactions. Heredity, 31, 339–354.
Gale, M D, and Gregory, R S. 1977. A rapid method for early generation selection of dwarf genotypes in wheat. Euphytica, 26, 733–738.
Gale, M D, and Youssefian, S. 1983. Pleiotropic effects of the Norin 10 dwarfing genes, Rhtl and Rht2 and interactions in response to chlormequat. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Wheat Genetics Symposium, pp. 271–277. Kyoto, Japan.
Gale, M D, and Youssefian, S. 1985. Dwarfing genes in wheat. In: Rüssel, G. E. (ed.) Progress in Plant Breeding, pp. 1–35. Butterworth, London.
Henderson, R H. 1984. Applications of Linear Models in Animal Breeding. University of Guelph, Canada.
Mather, K, and Jinks, J L. 1971. Biometrical Genetics, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London.
Pinthus, M J. 1968. Effects of different applications of CCC (2-chloroethyl trymethyl-ammonium chloride) on heading and culm characters of wheat. Advanc Front Plant Sci, 21, 117–126.
Roberts, J A, and Hooley, R. 1988. Plant Growth Regulators. Chapman and Hall, New York.
SAS Institute Inc. 1985. SAS User Guide: Statistics, version 5. SAS Institute Ine, Cary NC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Beharav, A., Cahaner, A. & Pinthus, M. Mixed model for estimating the effects of the Rht1 dwarfing allele, background genes, CCC and their interaction on culm and leaf elongation of Triticum aestivum L., spring wheat. Heredity 72, 237–241 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1994.33
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1994.33
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Enhancing Wheat Productivity Through Genotypes and Growth Regulators Application Under Higher Fertility Conditions in Sub-humid Climate
International Journal of Plant Production (2024)
-
Genetic relationships and structured diversity of Lactuca georgica germplasm from Armenia and the Russian Federation among other members of Lactuca L., subsection Lactuca L., assessed by TRAP markers
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (2018)
-
Genotypic variation in the responsiveness to GA3 within tall (rht1) and semi-dwarf (Rht1) spring wheat
Plant Growth Regulation (1994)