Table 1 - Secondary forms of achalasia
From the following article
A patient with dysphagia to solids and liquids
Ikuo Hirano
GI Motility online (2006)
doi:10.1038/gimo80
| Achalasia |
| Allgrove's syndrome (AAA syndrome) |
| Hereditary cerebellar ataxia |
| Familial achalasia |
| Sjögren's syndrome |
| Sarcoidosis |
| Postvagotomy |
| Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II |
| Achalasia with generalized motility disorder |
| Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) IIb (Sipple's syndrome) |
| Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) |
| Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) |
| Paraneoplastic syndrome (anti-Hu antibody) |
| Parkinson's disease |
| Amyloidosis |
| Eosinophilic gastroenteritis |
| Fabry's disease |
| Down syndrome |
| Hereditary cerebellar ataxia |
| Achalasia with associated Hirschsprung's disease |
| Hereditary hollow visceral myopathy |
| Achalasia secondary to cancer (pseudoachalasia) |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus |
| Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus |
| Gastric adenocarcinoma |
| Lung carcinoma |
| Leiomyoma |
| Lymphoma |
| Breast adenocarcinoma |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Reticulum cell sarcoma |
| Lymphangioma |
| Metastatic renal cell carcinoma |
| Mesothelioma |
| Metastatic prostate carcinoma |
| Pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
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