Figure 3 - Esophagogastric junction pressure (EGJP) during diaphragmatic contraction recorded by a reverse perfused sleeve sensor equipped with electrodes to record electromyographic activity of the crural diaphragm.

Diaphragmatic contraction was induced by standardized inspiratory efforts (standardized Muller maneuver) of different durations, 1, 2, 4, and 6 seconds. Each inspiratory effort resulted in a negative esophageal pressure, an increase in the EGJP, and an increase in the integrated diaphragm EMG activity (DEMG). Note that the peak EGJP and the peak DEMG occur at the same time. (Source: Sivri and Mittal⁶¹, with permission from American Gastroenterological Association).