Original Article

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, 39–47; doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602907; published online 19 September 2007

Dietary patterns associated with vitamin/mineral supplement use and smoking among women of the E3N–EPIC cohort

Contributors: MT designed the study, analysed and interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript. MN was in charge of collection and validation of dietary data. J-LV, LL and SL contributed in interpreting results and editing the manuscript. FC designed and coordinated the study cohort and supervised the study. MCBR supervised the design, analysis and interpretation of the data, as well as writing of the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript. None of the authors had a conflict of interest.

M Touvier1,2, M Niravong1, J-L Volatier2, L Lafay2, S Lioret2, F Clavel-Chapelon1 and M-C Boutron-Ruault1,2

  1. 1Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), ERI 20/Université Paris-Sud, EA 4045, IFR 69/Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
  2. 2AFSSA (French Food Safety Agency), DERNS/PASER, Maisons-Alfort, France

Correspondence: Dr MC Boutron-Ruault, Inserm ERI 20—Equipe E3N, Institut Gustave Roussy, EMT, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif Cedex, France. E-mail: boutron@igr.fr

Received 5 April 2007; Revised 20 June 2007; Accepted 10 August 2007; Published online 19 September 2007.

Top

Abstract

Background/Objectives:

 

An understanding of the relationships between dietary habits and supplement use or smoking is useful for aetiological studies and surveillance purposes. The objective of this study is to describe dietary patterns associated with vitamin/mineral supplement use and smoking habits in French women.

Methods:

 

Scores for dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis in 64 252 women from the French E3N–EPIC cohort. The association with supplement and tobacco use was investigated by logistic regression analysis.

Results:

 

We identified three dietary patterns: 'processed meat/starchy foods' (fast foods, processed meat, rice/pasta/semolina and cakes and few vegetables); 'fruit/vegetables' (fruits, vegetables, seafood, vegetable oils and yoghurt); and 'alcohol/meat products' (alcohol, meat and meat products, and coffee, and few fruits and soup). Supplement use was positively associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern (multivariate OR for quartile 4 versus 1 (OR4)=1.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.47–1.63), and inversely associated with the processed meat/starchy foods (OR4=0.84; 0.80–0.89) and alcohol/meat products (OR4=0.69; 0.66–0.73) patterns (P trend for all associations <0.0001). As compared with never smoking, current smoking was inversely associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern (OR4=0.85; 0.78–0.92), while former smoking was positively associated with the fruit/vegetables pattern (OR4=1.32; 1.25–1.40); both current and former smoking were inversely associated with the processed meat/starchy foods pattern (OR4=0.57; 0.53–0.62 and 0.64; 0.60–0.67, respectively); whereas current and former smoking were both strongly positively associated with the alcohol/meat products pattern (OR4=5.78; 5.26–6.36 and 2.03; 1.91–2.15, respectively); P trend for all associations was <0.001.

Conclusions:

 

Supplement use and smoking are strongly associated with dietary patterns.

Keywords:

factor analysis, diet, dietary supplements, smoking, women

Extra navigation

.
ADVERTISEMENT