Abstract
Background: Prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in high-risk subjects.
Objective: To investigate the associations of dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) as assessed by food frequency questionnaire and in the plasma cholesteryl ester (CE), with CHD risk factors.
Design: Baseline data of a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Subjects have hypercholesterolemia (6.0–8.0 mmol/l) and at least two other CHD risk factors (n=266).
Results: The reported dietary ALA and LA intakes and the LA/ALA ratio were associated with the contents in the CE (r=0.37, r=0.21, and r=0.42, respectively; P<0.01). In multivariate analysis, CE ALA was inversely associated with diastolic blood pressure (r=−0.13; P<0.05) and positively with serum triacylglycerol (r=0.13; P<0.05), and CE LA was inversely associated with serum triacylglycerol (r=−0.32; P<0.01). The CE LA/ALA ratio was strongly inversely associated with CE ALA (r=−0.95; P<0.01). In the lowest quintile of CE ALA, mean dietary intake was 0.4 energy % ALA (1.2 g/day), 8.4 energy % LA and an LA/ALA ratio of 21, and in the highest quintile 0.6 energy % ALA (1.7 g/day), 6.8 energy % LA and 12 (ratio). In the lowest quintile of CE ALA the diastolic blood pressure was 4 mmHg lower (P trend<0.05), and the serum triacylglycerol 0.3 mmol/l higher (P trend NS) when compared with the top quintile.
Conclusions: In a CHD high-risk population with LA-rich background diet, these cross-sectional data suggest that replacing LA in the diet by ALA may decrease diastolic blood pressure, and may increase serum triacylglycerol concentration.
Sponsorship: Dutch Prevent fund grant no. 28-2757; Unilever (margarine).
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 865–871
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Guarantor: B Meyboom-de Jong.
Contributors: All authors have contributed to the execution, interpretation and reporting of the study.
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Bemelmans, W., Muskiet, F., Feskens, E. et al. Associations of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid with risk factors for coronary heart disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 54, 865–871 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601102
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601102
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