The previous four articles in this series1, 2, 3, 4 have covered the basic principles of statistics which have included explanations of the null hypothesis, P-values and confidence intervals. Also discussed were the different types of data, non-parametric versus parametric tests and the different domains of statistical analysis: differences between groups, associations and time-to-event data.

In this article, several hypothetical examples of passages from dental papers will be given along with answers and explanations. All examples given are from the first domain of statistics: differences between groups.

Table 1
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