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Long-term results in children with AML: NOPHO-AML Study Group – report of three consecutive trials

Leukemia volume 19, pages 2090–2100 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

In all, 447 children with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have been treated on three consecutive NOPHO studies from July 1984 to December 2001. NOPHO-AML 84 was of moderate intensity with an induction of three courses of cytarabine, 6-thioguanine and doxorubicin followed by four consolidation courses with high-dose cytarabine. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS), disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 29, 37 and 38%. NOPHO-AML 88 was of high intensity with the addition of etoposide and mitoxantrone in selected courses during induction and consolidation. The interval between the induction courses should be as short as possible, that is, time intensity was introduced. The 5-year EFS, DFS and OS were 41, 48 and 46%. In NOPHO-AML 93, the treatment was stratified according to response to first induction course. The protocol utilised the same induction blocks as NOPHO-AML 88, but after the first block, children with a hypoplastic, nonleukaemic bone marrow were allowed to recover before the second block. Consolidation was identical with NOPHO-AML 88. The 5-year EFS, DFS and OS in NOPHO-AML 93 were 48, 52 and 65%. The new NOPHO-AML protocol has been based on experiences from previous protocols with stratification of patients with regard to in vivo response and specific cytogenetic aberrations.

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Acknowledgements

Investigators in Denmark: S Rosthoej/E Oestergaard, University Hospital, Aalborg; N Clausen/H Hasle/H Schroeder, Skejby Hospital, Aarhus; K Schmiegelow/M Yssing/C Reichnitzer, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, N Carlsen/M Hejl, University Hospital, Odense. Investigators in Finland: L Hovi/MA Siimes/K Vettenranta/U Pihkala, University Hospital, Helsinki; M Perkkiö/P Riikonen, University Hospital, Kuopio; A Mäkipernaa/M Arrola/K Parto, University Hospital, Tampere; T Salmi, University Hospital, Turku; M Lanning/M Möttönen, University Hospital, Oulu. Investigators in Iceland: G Jonmundsson/J Kristinsson, University Hospital, Reykjavik. Investigators in Norway: S Lie/A Glomstein/B Zeller, Rikshospitalet, Oslo; M Hellebostad, University Hospital, Ullervaal; J Helgestad/B Moström, University Hospital, Bergen; S Kolmannskog/R Nygaard, University Hospital, Trondheim; T Stockland/T Flaegstad, University Hospital, Tromsoe. Investigators in Sweden: L Mellander/J Abrahamsson, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg; M Behrentz, University Hospital, Linkoping; J Heldrup/S Garwicz, University Hospital, Lund; G Gustafsson/S Soderhall, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm; E Forestier/K Johansson/P Sandström, University Hospital, Umea; A Kreuger/G Lönnerholm/BM Frost, Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway

    S O Lie & B Zeller

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

    J Abrahamsson & L Mellander

  3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark

    N Clausen & H Hasle

  4. Department of Clinical Science, Pediatrics, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden

    E Forestier

  5. Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    L Hovi & M A Siimes

  6. Department of Pediatrics, Landspitalinn, Reykjavik, Iceland

    G Jonmundsson

  7. Pediatric Clinic II, National University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

    M Yssing

  8. Department of Pediatric Oncology, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

    G Gustafsson

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  1. S O Lie
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  2. J Abrahamsson
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  3. N Clausen
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  4. E Forestier
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  5. H Hasle
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  6. L Hovi
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  7. G Jonmundsson
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  8. L Mellander
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  9. M A Siimes
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  10. M Yssing
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  11. B Zeller
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  12. G Gustafsson
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on behalf of the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (NOPHO)

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Correspondence to G Gustafsson.

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Lie, S., Abrahamsson, J., Clausen, N. et al. Long-term results in children with AML: NOPHO-AML Study Group – report of three consecutive trials. Leukemia 19, 2090–2100 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2403962

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