Abstract
Cryopreservation and thawing of haematopoietic stem cells are associated with cell loss and infusion-related toxicities. We analysed viability, total nucleated cell (TNC) and CD34+ cell recovery, and infusion-related toxicities of 952 thawed and washed products. Mean TNC and CD34+ viable cells recoveries were 55.9±18.6 and 98.0±36.5%, respectively. Mean cell viability was 68.25±18.9%. TNC recovery was correlated with viability but independent of the initial nucleated cell concentration. No difference in TNC recovery or viability was observed according to underlying diseases, except for myeloma, for which these variables were significantly lower (P<0.05). CD34+ cell recovery was not correlated with viability or CD34+ initial count and was similar for all diseases. Cryostorage duration was not associated with cell loss. Immediate adverse events occurred in 169 patients (19%) and were moderate (grade I or II) for the majority of patients. Clinical toxicity was associated with a higher infused cell number and the presence of clumps in infused bags. The washing procedure of cell products lead to a low rate of adverse events, but patients transplanted with high cell numbers or bags in which clumps were identified are predisposed to such complications.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Copelan EA . Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1813–1826.
Mazur P . Cryobiology: the freezing of biological systems. Science 1970; 168: 939–949.
Rowley SD . Hematopoietic stem cell cryopreservation: a review of current techniques. J Hematother 1992; 1: 233–250.
Sputtek A, Körber C . Cryopreservation of red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes, and stem cells. In: Fuller BJ, Grout BWW (eds). Clinical Applications of Cryobiology. CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1991, pp 95–147.
De Boer F, Dräger AM, Pinedo HM, Kessler FL, Van der Wall E, Jonkhoff AR et al. Extensive early apoptosis in frozen-thawed CD 34-positive stem cells decreases threshold doses for haematological recovery after autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; 29: 249–255.
Sartor M, Antonenas V, Garvin F, Webb M, Bradstock KF . Recovery of viable CD34+ cells from cryopreserved hemopoietic progenitor cell products. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36: 199–204.
Allan DS, Keeney M, Howson-Jan K, Popma J, Weir K, Bhatia M et al. Number of viable CD34+ cells reinfused predicts engraftment in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; 29: 967–972.
Mazur P . Theoretical and experimental effects of cooling and warming velocity on the survival of frozen and thawed cells. Cryobiology 1966; 2: 181–192.
Abrahamsen JF, Bakken AM, Bruserud O . Cryopreserving human peripheral blood progenitor cells with 5-percent rather than 10-percent DMSO results in less apoptosis and necrosis in CD34+ cells. Transfusion 2002; 42: 1573–1580.
Zambelli A, Poggi G, Da Prada G, Pedrazzoli P, Cuomo A, Miotti D et al. Clinical toxicity of cryopreserved circulating progenitor cells infusion. Anticancer Res 1998; 18: 4705–4708.
Alessandrino P, Bernasconi P, Caldera D, Colombo A, Bonfichi M, Malcovati L et al. Adverse events occurring during bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cell infusion: analysis of 126 cases. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999; 23: 533–537.
Sauer-Heilborn A, Kadidlo D, McCullough J . Patient care during infusion of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Transfusion 2004; 44: 907–916.
Rapoport AP, Rowe JM, Packman CH, Ginsberg SJ . Cardiac arrest after autologous marrow infusion. Bone Marrow Transplant 1991; 7: 401–403.
Zenhausern R, Tobler A, Leoncini L, Hess OM, Ferrari P . Fatal cardiac arrhythmia after infusion of dimethyl sulfoxide cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cells in a patient with a severe primary cardiac amyloidosis and end stage renal failure. Ann Hematol 2000; 79: 523–526.
Hoyt R, Szer J, Grigg A . Neurological events associated with the infusion of cryopreserved bone marrow and/or peripheral blood progenitor cells. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25: 1285–1287.
Dhodapkar M, Goldberg SL, Tefferi A, Gertz MA . Reversible encephalopathy after cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cell infusion. Am J Hematol 1994; 45: 187–188.
Benekli M, Anderson B, Wentling D, Bernstein S, Czuczman M, McCarthy P . Severe respiratory depression after dimethyl sulfoxide-containing autologous stem cell infusion in a patient with AL amyloidosis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25: 1299–1301.
Smith DM, Weisenburger DD, Bierman P, Kessinger A, Vaugnah WP, Armitage JO . Acute renal failure associated with autologous bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1987; 2: 195–201.
Stroncek DF, Fautsch SK, Lasky LC, Hurd DD, Ramsay NK, McCullough J . Adverse reactions in patients transfused with cryopreserved marrow. Transfusion 1991; 31: 521–526.
Davis JM, Rowley SD, Braine HG, Piantadosi S, Santos GW . Clinical toxicity of cryopreserved bone marrow graft infusion. Blood 1990; 75: 781–786.
Spurr EE, Wiggins NE, Marsden KA, Lowenthal RM, Ragg SJ . Cryopreserved human hematopoietic stem cells retain engrafment potential after extended (5–14 years) cryostorage. Cryobiology 2002; 44: 210–217.
Rowley SD . Techniques of bone marrow and stem cells cryopreservation and storage. In: Sacher RA, Aubuchon JP (eds). Marrow Transplantation: Practical and Technical Aspects of Stem Cells Reconstitution. American Association of Blood Banks: Bethesda, 1992, pp 105–127.
Rowley SD, Bensinger WI, Gooley TA, Buckner CD . Effect of cell concentration on bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell cryopreservation. Blood 1994; 83: 2731–2736.
Donnenberg AD, Koch EK, Griffin DL, Stanczak HM, Kiss JE, Carlos TM et al. Viability of cryopreserved BM progenitor cells stored for more than a decade. Cytotherapy 2002; 4: 157–163.
Broxmeyer HE, Srour EF, Hangoc G, Cooper S, Anderson SA, Bodine DM . High-efficiency recovery of functional hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells from human cord blood cryopreserved for 15 years. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 645–650.
Keung YK, Lau S, Elkayam U, Chen SC, Douer D . Cardiac arrhythmia after infusion of cryopreserved stem cells. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994; 14: 363–367.
Syme R, Bewick M, Stewart D, Porter K, Chadderton T, Glück S . The role of depletion of dimethyl sulfoxide before autografting: on hematologic recovery, side effects and toxicity. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004; 10: 135–141.
Lemarie C, Calmels B, Malenfant C, Arneodo V, Blaise D, Viret F et al. Clinical experience with the delivery of thawed and washed autologous blood cells, with an automated closed fluid management device: cytomate. Transfusion 2005; 45: 737–742.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Foïs, E., Desmartin, M., Benhamida, S. et al. Recovery, viability and clinical toxicity of thawed and washed haematopoietic progenitor cells: analysis of 952 autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantations. Bone Marrow Transplant 40, 831–835 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1705830
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1705830
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Hematopoietic SCT with cryopreserved grafts: adverse reactions after transplantation and cryoprotectant removal before infusion
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2014)
-
Infused neutrophil dose and haematopoietic recovery in patients undergoing autologous transplantation
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2014)
-
Factors predicting haematopoietic recovery in patients undergoing autologous transplantation: 11-year experience from a single centre
Annals of Hematology (2014)
-
Light-chain amyloidosis: SCT, novel agents and beyond
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2013)
-
Historical perspectives and the future of adverse reactions associated with haemopoietic stem cells cryopreserved with dimethyl sulfoxide
Cell and Tissue Banking (2012)