Abstract
Sema3A, a prototypical semaphorin, acts as a chemorepellent or a chemoattractant for axons by activating a receptor complex comprising neuropilin-1 as the ligand-binding subunit and plexin-A1 as the signal-transducing subunit. How the signals downstream of plexin-A1 are triggered upon Sema3A stimulation, however, is unknown. Here we show that, in the presence of neuropilin-1, the FERM domain–containing guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) FARP2 associates directly with plexin-A1. Sema3A binding to neuropilin-1 induces the dissociation of FARP2 from plexin-A1, resulting in activation of FARP2's Rac GEF activity, Rnd1 recruitment to plexin-A1, and downregulation of R-Ras. Simultaneously, the FERM domain of FARP2 sequesters phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type I isoform PIPKIγ661 from talin, thereby inhibiting its kinase activity. These activities are required for Sema3A-mediated repulsion of outgrowing axons and suppression of neuronal adhesion. We therefore conclude that FARP2 is a key molecule involved in the response of neuronal growth cones to class-3 semaphorins.
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Acknowledgements
We thank K. Kubota for her assistance. This study was supported by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan (to T.T., A.K. and H.K).
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Supplementary information
Supplementary Fig. 1
Biochemical analysis of the binding of FARP2 to type A-plexins (PDF 33 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 2
The Rac activity and R-Ras activity in neurons and transfected cells after Sema3A stimulation (PDF 43 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 3
The R-Ras GAP activity of Plexin-A1 (PDF 23 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 4
The effect of dominant negative Rac (RacT17N) on the Rnd1 binding to Plexin-A1 (PDF 20 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 5
The biological role of FARP2 in Sema3A-induced axonal outgrowth and growth cone collapse (PDF 99 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 6
The effect of constitutively active Rac (RacQ61L) on morphology of transfected cell and growth cone of neuron (PDF 82 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 7
NGF induces R-Ras activation in DRG neurons (PDF 11 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 8
Sema3A and downstream signals regulate the b1-integrin activation (PDF 31 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 9
A schematic diagram depicting the roles of FARP2 in the initial steps of Sema3A-Plexin-A1 signaling. (PDF 50 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 10
Adenovirus-mediated overexpression or knock-down of target proteins in DRG neurons (PDF 44 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 11
Incorporation of siRNA into DRG neurons (PDF 32 kb)
Supplementary Table 1
Lists of siRNAs used in this experiment (PDF 17 kb)
Supplementary Table 2
Lists of template DNAs for synthesis of shRNAs used in this experiment (PDF 18 kb)
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Toyofuku, T., Yoshida, J., Sugimoto, T. et al. FARP2 triggers signals for Sema3A-mediated axonal repulsion. Nat Neurosci 8, 1712–1719 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1596
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1596
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