Abstract
Over the past decade of nanotube research1, a variety of organized nanotube architectures have been fabricated using chemical vapour deposition2,3,4,5. The idea of using nanotube structures in separation technology has been proposed6,7,8, but building macroscopic structures that have controlled geometric shapes, density and dimensions for specific applications still remains a challenge. Here we report the fabrication of freestanding monolithic uniform macroscopic hollow cylinders having radially aligned carbon nanotube walls, with diameters and lengths up to several centimetres. These cylindrical membranes are used as filters to demonstrate their utility in two important settings: the elimination of multiple components of heavy hydrocarbons from petroleum—a crucial step in post-distillation of crude oil—with a single-step filtering process, and the filtration of bacterial contaminants such as Escherichia coli or the nanometre-sized poliovirus (∼25 nm) from water. These macro filters can be cleaned for repeated filtration through ultrasonication and autoclaving. The exceptional thermal and mechanical stability of nanotubes, and the high surface area, ease and cost-effective fabrication of the nanotube membranes may allow them to compete with ceramic- and polymer-based separation membranes used commercially.
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Acknowledgements
This work was partly funded by the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources and the Department of Science and Technology (New Delhi). A.S. acknowledges a fellowship from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. We are thankful to A. S. K. Sinha, A. K. Gulati, P. Ramachandra Rao and G. Nath of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India for providing facilities, help and discussions. We thank A. D. Migone for sharing the results of adsorption measurements prior to publication, A. Cao and Ray Dove for help with the TEM images and Donald R. VanSteele for help with the mechanical strength characterizations. S. T., P. M. A. and R. V. acknowledge funding support from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, National Science Foundation, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center and Philip Morris USA.
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Srivastava, A., Srivastava, O., Talapatra, S. et al. Carbon nanotube filters. Nature Mater 3, 610–614 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1192
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1192
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