The mosquito-borne malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum kills an estimated 0.7–2.7 million people every year, primarily children in sub-Saharan Africa. Without effective interventions, a variety of factors—including the spread of parasites resistant to antimalarial drugs and the increasing insecticide resistance of mosquitoes—may cause the number of malaria cases to double over the next two decades¹. To stimulate basic research and facilitate the development of new drugs and vaccines, the genome of Plasmodium falciparum clone 3D7 has been sequenced using a chromosome-by-chromosome shotgun strategy^{2, 3, 4}. We report here the nucleotide sequences of chromosomes 10, 11 and 14, and a re-analysis of the chromosome 2 sequence⁵. These chromosomes represent about 35% of the 23-megabase P. falciparum genome.

1. The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
2. Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, USA
3. Present addresses: National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesdsa, Maryland 20894, USA (L.M.C.); Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA (H.O.S., M.D.A.); The Center for the Advancement of Genomics, 1901 Research Boulevard, 6th Floor, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA (J.C.V.); Sanaria, 308 Argosy Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA (S.L.H.).

Correspondence to: Malcolm J. Gardner¹ Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.J.G. (e-mail: Email: gardner@tigr.org). Chromosome sequences have been deposited in GenBank with accession numbers AE001362.2 (chromosome 2), AE014185 (chromosome 10), AE01486 (chromosome 11) and AE01487 (chromosome 14), and in PlasmoDB (http://plasmodb.org).