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Geochemical tracing of Pacific-to-Atlantic upper-mantle flow through the Drake passage

Nature volume 410, pages 457–461 (2001)Cite this article

Abstract

The Earth's convecting upper mantle can be viewed as comprising three main reservoirs, beneath the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. Because of the uneven global distribution and migration of ridges and subduction zones, the surface area of the Pacific reservoir is at present contracting at about 0.6 km2 yr-1, while the Atlantic and Indian reservoirs are growing at about 0.45 km2 yr-1 and 0.15 km2 yr-1, respectively1,2. Garfunkel1 and others have argued that there must accordingly be net mantle flow from the Pacific to the Atlantic and Indian reservoirs (in order to maintain mass balance), and Alvarez2 further predicted that this flow should be restricted to the few parts of the Pacific rim (here termed ‘gateways’) where there are no continental roots or subduction zones that might act as barriers to shallow mantle flow. The main Pacific gateways are, according to Alvarez2,3, the southeast Indian Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Drake passage. Here we report geochemical data which confirm that there has been some outflow of Pacific mantle into the Drake passage—but probably in response to regional tectonic constraints, rather than global mass-balance requirements. We also show that a mantle domain boundary, equivalent to the Australian–Antarctic discordance, must lie between the Drake passage and the east Scotia Sea.

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Figure 1: Location and tectonic setting of the Drake passage and of the samples that we analysed.
Figure 2: Plots of 208Pb/204Pb versus 206Pb/204Pb and 144Nd/143Nd versus 206Pb/204Pb, for discriminating between Pacific and South Atlantic MORB and fingerprinting Drake passage samples.
Figure 3: Model for the mantle dynamics of the Drake passage/Scotia Sea ‘gateway’ and surrounding region.

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Acknowledgements

We thank C. Ottley for analytical assistance; A. Saunders for providing some of the Scotia Sea samples; J. Mahoney, J. Phipps Morgan, G. Helffrich, G. Milne and M. Bott for discussions; and D. Christie for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the NERC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, UK

    J. A. Pearce

  2. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK

    P. T. Leat, P. F. Barker & I. L. Millar

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  1. J. A. Pearce
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Correspondence to J. A. Pearce.

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Pearce, J., Leat, P., Barker, P. et al. Geochemical tracing of Pacific-to-Atlantic upper-mantle flow through the Drake passage. Nature 410, 457–461 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35068542

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