Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Review Article
  • Published:

Games parasites play: how parasites evade immune surveillance

Abstract

Parasites have evolved an extraordinary variety of mechanisms for surviving in the face of the natural and acquired immune responses of their hosts. A selection of the mechanisms serves to illustrate the challenge involved in developing strategies for immunising against parasites.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ogilvie, B. R. & Wilson, R. J. M. Br. med. Bull. 32, 177–181 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ciba Fdn Symp. 25 (1974).

  3. Garnham, P. C. C., Pierce, A. E. & Roitt, I. (eds) Immunity to Protozoa (Blackwell, Oxford, 1963).

  4. Cohen, S. & Sadun, E. Immunology of Parasite Infections (Blackwell, Oxford, 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Jackson, G. J., Herman, R. & Singer, I. Immunity to Parasitic Animals (Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Soulsby, E. J. L. Proc. Helminth. Soc. 44, 28–43 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Miller, L., Pino, J. & McElvey, J. Immunity to Blood Parasites in Animals and Man (Plenum, New York, 1977).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. Am. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 26 (6), Part 2 (1977).

  9. Transplant. Rev. 19 (1974).

  10. W.H.O.: World Health Statistics Report 30 (1977).

  11. Bloom, B. R. Nature 260, 380–381 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Desowitz, R. S. Annls trop. Med. Parasit. 53, 293–313 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bradley, D. J. Nature 250, 353–354 (1974).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Trischmann, T., Tanowitz, H., Wittner, M. & Bloom, B. R. Expl Parasit. 45, 160–168 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Piazza, A., Belvedere, M. C., Bernoco, D. & Cepellini, R. in Histocompatibility Testing (eds Dausset, J. & Colombani, J.) 73–78 (Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Vickerman, K. Ciba Fdn Symp. 25, 53–80 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Doyle, J. in Immunity to Blood Parasites in Animals and Man (eds Miller, L., Pino, J. & McElvey, J.) 31–63 (Plenum, New York, 1977).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  18. Gray, A. R. J. gen. Microbiol. 41, 195–214 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cross, G. A. M. Parasitology 71, 393–417 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cross, G. A. M. Am. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 26 Suppl., 240–244 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gray, A. R. Annls trop. Med. Parasit. 59, 27–36 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hirumi, H., Doyle, J. J. & Hirumi, K. Science 196, 992–994 (1977).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Doyle, J. J., Hirumi, H., Hirumi, K., Lupton, E. N. & Cross, G. A. M. (in preparation).

  24. Doyle, J. J., Behin, R., Manuel, J. & Rowe, D. S. J. exp. Med. 139, 1061–1069 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Smithers, S. R. & Terry, R. J. Adv. Parasit. 7 41–93 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Sergent, E. in Immunity to Protozoa (eds Garnham, P. C. C., Pierce, A. E. & Roitt, I.) 39–47 (Blackwell, Oxford, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Smithers, S. R., Terry, R. J. & Hockley, D. J. Proc. R. Soc. 171, 483–498 (1969).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Clegg, J. A., Smithers, S. R. & Terry, R. J. Int. J. Parasit. 1, 43–49 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Clegg, J. A., Smithers, S. R. & Terry, R. J. Nature 232, 653–655 (1971).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sher, A., Hall, B. F. & Vadas, M. A. J. exp. Med. 148, 46–57 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Van Furth, R. (ed.) Mononuclear Phagocytes (Blackwell, Oxford, 1975).

  32. Draper, P. & Hart, P. D. in Mononuclear Phagocytes (ed. Van Furth, R.) 575–589 (Blackwell, Oxford, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Armstrong, J. A. & D'Arcy Hart, P. J. exp. Med. 142, 1–16 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Jones, T. C., Yeh, S. & Hirsch, J. G. J. exp. Med. 136, 1173–1194 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Chang, K.-P. & Dwyer, D. M. Science 193, 678–680 (1976).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Mauel, J. & Behin, R. Transplantn Rev. 19, 121–146 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Behin, R., Mauel, J., Biroum-Noerjasin & Rowe, D. Clin. exp. Immun. 20, 351–358 (1975).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kress, Y., Bloom, B. R., Wittner, M., Rowen, A. & Tanowitz, H. Nature 257, 394–395 (1975).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Hoff, R. J. exp. Med. 142, 299–311 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Nogueira, N. & Cohn, Z. J. exp. Med. 143, 1402–1420 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Nogueira, N. & Cohn, Z. J. exp. Med. 148, 288–300 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Clinton, B. A., Stauber, L. A. & Palczuk, N. C. Expl Parasit. 25, 171–180 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Strickland, G. T., Voller, A., Pettit, L. E. & Fleck, D. G. J. infect. Dis. 126, 54–60 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Keller, R., Ogilvie, B. M. & Simpson, E. Lancet i, 678–680 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Urquart, G. M., Murray, M. & Jennings, F. W. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 66, 342–343 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Greenwood, B. M. Ciba Fdn Symp. 25, 137–159 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hudson, K. M., Byner, C., Freeman, J. & Terry, R. J. Nature 264, 256–258 (1976).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Wedderburn, N. Ciba Fdn Symp. 25, 123–135 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Cohen, S. Ciba Fdn Symp. 25, 3–17 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Coutinho, A. & Moller, G. Adv. Immun. 21, 113–236 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Jayawardena, A. & Waksman, B. H. Nature 265, 539–541 (1977).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Burkitt, D. P. J. natn. Cancer Inst. 42, 19–28 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Wedderburn, N. Lancet ii, 1114–1116 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Chapman, W. E. & Ward, P. A. Science 196, 67–70 (1977).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Barnett, S. A. in Parasitic Protozoa Vol. IV (ed. Krier, J. P.) 77–113 (Academic, New York, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Brown, C. G. D., Stagg, D. A., Purnell, R. E., Kanhai, G. K. & Payne, R. C. Nature 245, 101–103 (1973).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Jarrett, W. F. H., Crighton, G. W. & Pirie, H. M. Expl Parasit. 24, 9–23 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hulliger, L., Wilde, J. K. H., Brown, D. G. D. & Turner, L. Nature 203, 728–730 (1964).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Irvin, A. D. & Stagg, D. A. Expl Parasit. 41, 172–185 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. McHardy, N. Annls trop. Med. Parasit. 72, 501–571 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Pipano, E. in Theileriosis (eds Henseon, J.B. & Campbell, M.) 55–65 (Int. Dev. Res. Centre, Ottawa, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Cunningham, M. P. in Immunity to Blood Parasites in Animals and Man (eds Miller, L., Pino, J. & McElvey, J.) 189–208 (Plenum, New York, 1977).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  63. Avery, O. T., MacLeod, C. M. & McCarty, M. J. exp. Med. 79, 137–158 (1944).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bloom, B. Games parasites play: how parasites evade immune surveillance. Nature 279, 21–26 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1038/279021a0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/279021a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing