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Dempsey et al. present a graphene-based biosensor technology to detect enzyme activity in serum samples. A model is developed based on the activity of a panel of these biosensors to classify 90% of patients with lung cancer across all stages of disease, providing a potentially useful screening technology.
Noppert et al. examine how the distribution of COVID-19 cases at the neighborhood-level varies significantly within and between states in the United States. The authors report that correlations between features of the neighborhood social environment and COVID-19 burden vary in magnitude and direction by state.
Morrow et al. evaluate the clinical and social parameters of Scottish patients who were previously admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection. They report that socioeconomic deprivation influences illness trajectory after COVID-19.
Wong, Banke-Thomas et al. assess socioeconomic inequality in access to comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) facilities in 15 Nigerian cities using closer-to-reality travel time estimates, stratified by wealth status. Findings underscore the need for development of targeted strategies that address geographical accessibility to CEmOC.
Muraoka et al. assess the potential of small non-coding RNAs derived from small extracellular vesicles contained within ovarian follicular fluid to determine in predicting assisted reproductive technology outcomes. They find that a combination of small ncRNAs were differentially expressed between reproductive outcomes.
Zhang, Song et al. develop machine-learning models to predict dementia patient mortality at one-, three-, five-, and ten-year thresholds. The models identify dementia patients at risk of mortality using a limited set of dementia-related predictors, and the stratified analyses reveal shared and distinct predictors of mortality across dementia types.
Jin et al. develop a deep learning-based model for diagnosing arrhythmias based on a large-scale ECG dataset. The model demonstrates cardiologist-level accuracy and can potentially improve the efficiency and accuracy of ECG detection in remote and underdeveloped areas, offering a promising prospect for telemedicine.
Holmstrom et al. train and validate a 12 lead ECG-based deep learning algorithm for sudden cardiac death risk assessment. The model accurately distinguishes sudden cardiac death cases from controls, performing better than a conventional ECG risk model.
Nogimori, Nagatsuka et al. present a longitudinal immunogenicity analysis of mRNA vaccination in liver transplant recipients and healthy donors. Despite a lower response to primary vaccination in transplant recipients, a third booster improves antibody- and CD4 T cell-responses, but not CD8 T cell-responses, which need further improvement.
Reinholm et al. evaluate COVID-19 vaccine-induced binding and neutralizing antibodies against several SARS-CoV-2 variants 9 months post three doses of vaccines in healthcare workers. Thrice vaccinated individuals could mount an effective humoral response to most variants except for BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5, emphasizing the need for new vaccine candidates.
Park et al. improve a base segmentation model for brain extraction to increase robustness and go beyond the provided ground truth segmentation. Brain extraction improves when data is extracted from normal and clinical data using this model.
Miccio et al. utilize the US National Cancer Database (NCDB) to develop models to estimate the risk of brain metastasis for newly-diagnosed cancers. They provide nomograms and a web tool for risk estimation across multiple cancer types.
Liu et al. analyze phenotypic and genomic characteristics of clinical IMP-producing Klebsiella spp. Isolates in China. Multi-clonal transmission, multiple genetic environments and differing plasmid types all play a role in disseminating blaIMP genes among Klebsiella spp.
Song et al. conduct a geospatial analysis of variations in incidence of mood and psychotic disorders and access to care in Caldas, Colombia. They show that many patients requiring only outpatient care live too far away to access it and identify hotspots of more severely ill patients, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
Ose et al. conduct a questionnaire-based survey of post COVID-19 condition (PCC) symptoms among primary care patients with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19. They find reporting of PCC symptoms highly prevalent in all patients and highlight the challenges of accurate diagnosis of PCC due to the overlap with non-COVID-related symptoms.
Begg et al. show that S100A8/9 expression is associated with risk of progression in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer cohorts. Using a small inhibitor screen, the authors identify PIM kinase inhibitors to target S100A8/A9 expression, improving antitumor response when combined with immune checkpoint blockade in mice.
Khara et al perform a comprehensive performance analysis for a deep learning breast density prediction model using a large scale, racially diverse dataset. They find that the model generalises across imaging techniques and self-reported race, providing assurances for the safe and ethical use of automated breast density prediction.
El-Medany, Adams, Blythe et al. Investigate whether the carotid chemoreflex could be a mechanism underlying unexplained breathlessness in non-hospitalised patients with long COVID. Results show that carotid chemoreflex is sensitised in patients with long COVID and may explain dysregulated breathing and exercise intolerance in these participants.
Chiuppesi et al. demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccine COH04S1, harboring a synthetic modified vaccinia Ankara-vector, elicits cross-reactive responses against mpox virus (MPXV) similar to those induced by FDA-approved mpox vaccine JYNNEOS in healthy adults and non-human primates. COH04S1 also confers protective immunity against MPXV in a mouse model of mpox.
Spinelli et al. show that non-ventilated lung injury develops within 24 h of unilateral mechanical ventilation in healthy pigs. Pathophysiological alterations included collapse, hypoperfusion, high inspiratory pressure and inflammation and were only partially mitigated by low tidal volume.