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Shrub canopy height and density is greater along Arctic streams that lose water into unfrozen ground than along gaining streams, suggest analyses of field measurements from Toolik, Alaska.
Methane can increase groundwater arsenic contamination by triggering the dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron oxide minerals by methane-oxidizing microorganisms, according to microcosm experiments on arsenic-bearing sediments from the Red River Delta, Vietnam.
Concurrent coastal extremes - storm surges and flooding from precipitation - are 2.5 times as frequent in latitudes higher than 40∘N under a high emission scenario by 2100 compared to today, according to an analysis of climate and ocean model output.
Liquid-like methane could be trapped in pores of less than 2 nm, rather than recovered, when higher peak pressure is applied during shale gas drilling. This was revealed by integrated molecular simulations and high-pressure small-angle neutron scattering on Marcellus Shale samples.
Two exceptional heatwaves affected Europe in June and July 2019. Although both were driven by the large-scale circulation, the July event was also amplified by soil moisture feedback, according to an analysis of past temperatures, weather analogues and soil-atmosphere interactions.
A bathymetric sill in Sherard Osborn Fjord, northwest Greenland shields Ryder Glacier from melting by warm Atlantic water found at the bottom of the fjord, according to high-resolution bathymetric mapping and oceanographic data.
Isoprene oxidation products are deposited rapidly into poplar leaves, where they undergo detoxification, and up to 1.5% are reemitted to the atmosphere as methyl ethyl ketone, according to laboratory and field experiments and chemistry-transport model simulations.
Dissolved organic carbon in high-mountain streams respond strongly to temperature variability, peaking at snowmelt and increasing by up to three times in warm years, according to hydrological, meteorological and geochemical data from Coal Creek, Colorado.
The 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ earthquake displayed cascading rupture behavior along an immature fault with most of its energy spent fracturing the wall rock rather than displacing the surface, according to a detailed dynamic source inversion approach.
Biological productivity and carbon dynamics in Arctic ecosystems started to change prior to human-induced warming of the region, according to an investigation of coupled carbon–nitrogen cycle dynamics using stable isotope analyses of lake sediments.
Microbial necromass recycling, which can influence soil carbon stabilization, is controlled by microbial growth and precipitation, as indicated by stable isotope tracing and indicator species analysis in a range of UK grasslands.
Palaeo-environmental conditions can be recorded in low-temperature continental archives, according to geochemical and isotopic analyses of dolomitic fracture infills at Erzberg, Austria
Carbon dioxide concentrations and ocean acidification in the subtropical surface Atlantic Ocean increased fastest during the two decades of weakest atmospheric carbon dioxide level increases, according to an analysis of observations at two open-ocean hydrographic stations.
Grasslands and forests respond differently to changes in rainfall variability in a changing climate, which could affect the terrestrial carbon sink, suggests this statistical analysis of rainfall responses in five biomes.
Small icebergs comprise a significant fraction of icebergs in Greenland fjords and have fallen below the detection and resolution limit of earlier satellite data, suggest analyses of high-resolution imagery with deep neural networks.
The number of landfalling tropical cyclones in South China can be predicted a year in advance using subsurface ocean temperatures in the Pacific Warm Pool region, according to analyses of observations and a predictive model.
Empirical bias corrections in climate models based on historical data improve future projections of climate change, even in strong change over 100 years, suggest experiments with three climate models.
The Beaufort Sea was nearly ice-free during the transition from the last deglacial to the Holocene, a period in which two episodes of high sediment flux suggest major glacial flood events, according to high-resolution multi-proxy biomarker records.
Sea surface temperature anomalies in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans can help predict water shortages in the Colorado River basin, according to analyses of decadal climate predictions and observations.
Active overturning in the Nordic seas and strong Atlantic circulation coincided with enhanced glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere after 2.7 Ma, according to a multi-proxy investigation of cores from the IODP site U1314.