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A strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation was the main driver of the abrupt initiation of African Humid Periods during the last two deglaciations, according to transient simulations performed using an Earth system model.
Collapses of China’s ruling dynasties were associated with explosive volcanic eruptions over the past two millennia, with the degree of influence depending on pre-existing stress in society, as suggested by a systematic analysis of eruptions and Chinese warfare.
The Earth’s most stable quasi-satellite, Kamoʻoalewa, displays an extremely red reflectance spectrum typical of space weathering of lunar-like silicate material which raises the possibility that it is formed of material originating from the Moon
Tide gauge observations of relative sea-level trends between 1993 and 2018 around the contiguous United States can largely be attributed to a combination of changes in ocean mass, sterodynamic effects and vertical land motion, according to a sea-level budgeting exercise.
Ice flow dynamics in Greenland’s outlet glaciers are influenced by elastic deformation, both in the area of tidal influence up to 14 km inland from the grounding line and further upstream, suggest analyses of GPS observations and numerical simulations.
Severe cooling at high northern latitudes, which marked the onset of Heinrich Stadial 4, was synchronous with changes in tropical monsoon systems and preceded Antarctic warming by around 300 years, according to a compilation of speleothem and ice core records.
Organic carbon sequestration, stabilisation and burial through its interaction with iron is enhanced by carboxyl-richness of the organic moiety, according to elemental and microstructure analysis of experimentally produced co-precipitates.
Reduced fuel availability will only moderately diminish projected near-term increases in climate-driven forest fire area in the Western US, according to a macroscale climate–fire model.
Bottom water renewal on the western flank of the mid-Atlantic Ridge is driven by rapid intrusion of cold, dense water enabled by gradual warming due to geothermal heat flux and diapycnal mixing, as revealed by six-year observational records.
The density and velocity of the inner core deduced from seismic observations can be explained by a two-phase mixture of ordered body-centred cubic and hexagonal close-packed phases, according to high pressure and temperature experiments
Using decision support systems to schedule fungicide application based on disease risk provides similar protection to calendar-based strategies but uses 50% less fungicide, according to a global meta-analysis.
South Pacific atmospheric variability can excite a sea surface temperature quadrupole pattern in the extra-tropics that acts as a precursor for the South Pacific decadal oscillation and ENSO, according to reanalysis data and model output.
Vegetation in tundra ecosystems is constrained by cryogenic land surface processes, despite the fact that models of future biomass changes rarely take these into account, according to field and remote sensing data from northern Europe.
The Antarctic Ice Sheet’s sea-level contribution in a high-emissions scenario is indistinguishable from that in a low-emissions scenario for the next century, but its long-term contribution depends on warming this century, according to ice sheet simulations and an emulator-based analysis.
Transverse aeolian ridges on Mars develop into networked configurations by formation of secondary ridges, reactivation of primary ridges and a transition from 3D to 2D air flow, according to analyses of HiRISE images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
A shutdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation could lead to a disproportionate increase in the occurrence of extremely cold weather in the U.S. via enhanced north-south heat exchange in the atmosphere, suggest simulations with and without a vigorous overturning circulation.
During the summer season, turbulent mixing in Lake Geneva is strongest in the interior water-column because stratification limits the reach of wind-driven mixing, suggest meteorological, hydrodynamic and turbulence measurements over a full year.
El Niño-Southern Oscillation event intensities and locations show pronounced decadal variations, which need to be represented in models for better projections of future ENSO diversity, suggest analyses of observations and climate model simulations.
The prospect of working outdoors, which has commonly been emphasized in geoscience recruitment, is less attractive to students than altruistic factors when considering future career paths, according to a survey of students in a diverse southwestern US college.