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Strengthening of ocean stratification can largely explain open-ocean trends in measurements of the barotropic M2 tide and has substantial near-shore impacts, according to an analysis of satellite altimetry and a three-dimensional global ocean model over 1993 – 2020.
Intensified surface winds over the Arctic are driven by increasing downward momentum transfer in winter and by decreasing surface roughness due to sea-ice decline in summer, suggest analyses of climate model simulations and reanalysis data.
In Ethiopia, intensified crop cultivation may lead to a decline of woody vegetation, a resource of fuel, fodder, and construction material to local communities, and increase pressure on remaining forests, according to an analysis of satellite imagery and participatory scenarios
The pyramids of the Western desert in Egypt were built alongside a now extinct branch of the Nile River named as the Ahramat Branch and identified using a combination of radar satellite imagery, geophysical data and deep soil coring.
Future deployment of bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage could result in less global biodiversity loss than that of afforestation, as fewer areas will be affected by land use changes, according to an analysis of integrated model projections for four future scenarios.
Ground shaking resulting from earthquakes of Mw 6 or greater in the Los Angeles basin can be estimated in real-time using a machine learning approach trained on synthetic data from physics-based simulations.
A causal link exists between the North-Pacific index, which measures sea-level pressure in the Northern Pacific Ocean, and the frequency of rain-on-snow events in North America, according to convergent cross mapping.
Framboidal-like pyrite may not only fingerprint microbial sulfur cycling but also record microbial iron cycling in hydrothermal sulfide systems, according to experimental work with biogenic and abiogenic magnetite and electron microscopy observations.
A groundwater depth model based on tree-ring drought metrics and climatic indices for Castile and León, Spain, shows wet 11th and 12th centuries, 16th century megadrought, and unprecedented modern groundwater fluctuations.
The protection, restoration and continued growth of existing European forests can help remove around 309 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year, in line with the Green Deal 2030 target, according to a meta-analysis of carbon stocks from aboveground, belowground, and dead biomass.
Intermediate-depth intra-slab earthquakes can be generated in the regions of subducted slabs affected by transient stress increases, according to 2-D thermomechanical modeling of bending plates at subduction zones.
Submersible observations find that chemosymbiotic foundation fauna around hydrothermal vents near the 2022 Hunga eruption were decimated by rapid ash deposition, while populations of heterotrophs were more resilient.
Quantifying daily NOx emissions from a comprehensive range of sources indicates that half of emissions are omitted from existing inventories over South, Southeast and East Asia, suggests an analysis combining remotely sensed nitrogen dioxide and a model-free mass-conserving inverse method.
Influences of the Quasi-Biennal Oscillation can propagate from the lower stratosphere to the surface climate of high-latitude regions through a unique teleconnection pathway, according to an analysis of 42 years of data.
The CO2 degassing of the early Deccan Trap eruption may have controlled the late Maastrichtian warming event. Meanwhile, the Early Danian warming event may have been mostly controlled by orbital forcing, according to carbon isotope data from terrestrial formations in southeastern China.
Aviation contributions to climate change from non-CO2 emissions and their effects can be assessed more accurately with alternative metrics to the conventional Global Warming Potential, suggests an analysis of the neutrality, temporal stability, compatibility and simplicity of a suite of metrics.
Prebiotically plausible molecules, under early Earth-like conditions, generate diverse microstructures, many of which are morphologically similar to purported early microfossils. These results were obtained from confocal and transmission electron microscopy, combined with population morphometry.
A major anomaly in 2022 satellite-based ocean phytoplankton trends is not a biological response but rather a processing error due to stratospheric aerosols from the Hunga-Tonga eruptions, suggest observations and radiative transfer model simulations.
Organic and conventional farming exhibit no significant disparities in global warming potential, eutrophication, and energy usage per unit of product mass, according to a quantitative review of life cycle assessment studies.
Experiments and numerical modelling of dilute pyroclastic currents reveal an internal amplification of the dynamic pressure, which suggests that flow-building interactions are stronger when multiphase flow dynamics are accounted for.