Background: Neonatal immune thrombocytopenia is a problem commonly encountered by pediatric hematologist and neonatologist. It demands timely intervention in order to prevent or attenuate the potentially serious consequences of this problem, most notably that of intracranial hemorrhage(ICH).

Objective of study was to analyse the relationship between the immune thrombocytopenia of the mother and neonate, the clinical development, the rationale for laboratory diagnosis, the establishment of eventual possible complications, the treatment of choice and follow up.

Results: With the analysis of these cases in the Children's hospital, Novi Sad and Department for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, we have established in anamnestic data 9 pregnant women with chronic immune thrombocytopenia, which exacerbated during pregnancy in 3 patients, thus causing antepartal bleeding in 1 and postpartal bleeding in 2 patients. In neonates diffuse petechiae and mucosal bleedings were found in 8 cases. In all case the ultrasound of head had been done and there were no signs of ICH. Our therapeutic approach with mother was in just one intravenous immunoglobulin - IVIG (0.8 g/kg of body weight, once or twice) in combination with corticosteroids (2 to 4 mg/kg of body weight). Because of the postpartal bleeding in two case's blood transfusions - thrombocytes were needed. Thanks to this therapeutic approach no intracranial hemorrhage was noted nor a lethal outcome and the follow up showed satisfactory development.

Conclusion: The goal in the mother with immune thrombocytopenia is to find a better way to identify the fetus likely to have severe immune thrombocytopenia. This would allow optimal evaluation of treatment approach, fetal blood sampling and possible cesarean section in these maternal/fetal pairs.