LCH is a rare and diverse group of disturbances, whose common pathohistologic feature is Langerhans cell, histiocyte, which has an important role in immune response.

In this paper, with retrospective and inquiry study, the authors elaborated 36 patients (24 males and 12 females) who were treated at the University Children's Hospital, in Belgrade, during the period 1975 to 1995. The age of patients ranged from 49 days to 17 years and 2 months (median age 2 years and 8 months). We found the following symptoms: tumefaction, skin changes, elevated temperature, recurrent lung inflammation, pallor, pain, growth retardation. The examinations revealed bone changes (77,78%), skin changes(36,11%), lung changes, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, diabetes insipidus (16,67%), growth retardation, etc.

Head bones and femur were the most common sites of involvement, but other bones of body were also involved. According to criteria of Osband M.E., the largest number of investigated children showed stage I (55.55%), and the lowest number was with stages III and IV (7,69%). According to diffusion of the disease, 53% of patients had the monosystemic form, 33% had the multisystemic form without organ dysfunction, and 14% had the multisystemic form with organ dysfunction. Statistical data elaboration (Fisher's test and X2-test) showed that unfavorable prognostic factors were aged under 2 years, multisystemic form of the disease with organ dysfunction, and also skin involvement in multisystemic form of disease. Unfavorable prognostic factor was clinical stage IV (according to Osband M.E. criteria).